台风“利奇马”(1909)登陆青岛时黄海北部一次海雾过程的观测分析  

Observational analyses of a sea fog event over the northern Yellow Sea when Typhoon “Lekima”(1909) landed on Qingdao

作　　者：王倩 时晓曚 张苏平[3] Wang Qian;Shi Xiaomeng;Zhang Suping(Key Laboratoray for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong,Jinan 250031,China;Qingdao Meteorological Observatory,Qingdao 266003,China;Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography,Ministry of Education&Key Laboratory of Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate in Universities of Shandong,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省气象防灾减灾重点实验室,山东济南250031 [2]青岛市气象台,山东青岛266003 [3]中国海洋大学物理海洋教育部重点实验室/海洋−大气相互作用与气候山东省重点实验室,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《海洋学报》2024年第4期34-46,共13页

基　　金：环渤海区域气象科技协同创新基金项目(QYXM202012,QYXM202110);山东省气象局科学技术研究项目(2021sdqxm03);青岛市气象局重点项目(2019qdqxz02)。

摘　　要：利用多种观测数据、再分析数据和后向追踪模式,分析了2019年9号台风“利奇马”影响黄海北部期间发生的一次海雾过程,结果表明台风影响下的环流形势是此次海雾形成并影响沿海的决定性因素。来自黄海南部的暖湿气团在台风中心右侧较冷的海面凝结成雾,台风中心右侧区域的偏南气流不仅使黄海南部的暖湿空气不断向北输送,为海雾的形成和发展提供充足的水汽,而且其从黄海西岸带来的暖气团和台风中心区域的下沉气流在雾区上空形成了显著逆温层,在大气边界层内形成了“上稳下湍”的层结结构,也有利于海雾在岸滨及内陆地区的维持和发展。而台风后部水平风转向和台风中心外围增强的水平风加强了大气边界层底部的垂直风切变,从而导致湍流混合增强和大气边界层稳定度下降,这是引发海雾消散的重要原因。This study focuses on the physical process of a sea fog event during Typhoon “Lekima”(1909) in the northern Yellow Sea by using observation data,reanalysis data and backward trajectory model.The analysis indicates that the typhoon circulation was the decisive factor determining whether fog formed offshore and developed inland.The warm and humid southerlies from the South Yellow Sea condensed into fog on the colder sea surface besides the typhoon center,which not only provided sufficient moisture for the formation and development of the sea fog but also formed a significant inversion layer over the fog area with the downdraft in the center of the typhoon.The “stable up and turbulent down” structure in the atmospheric boundary layer improved the development of sea fog on the coast and inland area.However,the horizontal wind steering and the strengthening wind speed behind the typhoon strengthened the wind shear in the atmospheric boundary layer,resulting in the enhanced turbulent mixing and the decrease of the stability in the bottom atmospheric boundary layer,which was the main cause of the fog dissipation.

关 键 词：海雾 台风 大气边界层结构 黄海 

分 类 号：P714.2[天文地球—海洋科学]