台湾海峡水沙数值模拟与地貌冲淤分析  

Numerical simulation of hydrodynamic and sediment transport and analysis of geomorphic erosion and deposition in the Taiwan Strait

作　　者：钟皓 周洁琼 吴自银 赵荻能 曹振轶 朱超[3] Zhong Hao;Zhou Jieqiong;Wu Ziyin;Zhao Dineng;Cao Zhenyi;Zhu Chao(The Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Hangzhou 310012,China;Key Laboratory of Submarine Science,Ministry of Natural Resources,Hangzhou 310012,China;School of Oceanography,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China;State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics,Hangzhou 310012,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州310012 [2]自然资源部海底科学重点实验室,浙江杭州310012 [3]上海交通大学海洋学院,上海200030 [4]卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《海洋学报》2024年第4期90-105,共16页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41830540);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(QNYC2403,JG2303);上海交通大学深蓝计划项目(SL2020ZD204,SL2022ZD205,SL2023ZD102);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY23D060007);东海实验室开放基金项目(DH-2022KF01005)。

摘　　要：台湾海峡是我国最大的海峡,也是东海和南海进行物质和能量交换的主要通道。海峡内地形变化剧烈,海洋动力环境复杂,加上两侧众多山溪性河流携带大量泥沙流入海洋,是研究动力沉积作用的理想场所。目前,由于缺乏海峡整体的高分辨率地形以及相关实测水文数据,以整个台湾海峡为研究区域的动力沉积模拟尚不多见。本文基于高分辨率地形和相关水文数据,建立了台湾海峡水动力数值模型,耦合泥沙输运模块,模拟台湾海峡的动力沉积过程,并用现场观测资料对模型进行了验证。动力模拟结果表明,台湾海峡的潮流流场由南、北两个潮波控制,具有明显的时间和空间特征,潮流流速夏季大于冬季,海峡中部小于南北两侧,北侧小于南侧。基于冲淤模拟结果,将台湾海峡划分为淤积区、侵蚀区、冲淤平衡区三大类共计7个沉积分区,淤积区沉积速率最大可达5 cm/a,主要集中在台湾浅滩北部,侵蚀区冲刷速率为2~5 cm/a。结合模拟结果,本文建立了台湾海峡沉积输运模式与“源-汇”格局模式,阐述了台湾海峡冲淤变化的动力学机制和“源-汇”过程。Taiwan Strait is the largest strait in China and the main channel for material and energy exchange between the East China Sea and the South China Sea.The topography changes dramatically and the tidal environment is complex in the Strait.In addition,many mountainous streams on both sides carry a large amount of sediment into the strait.It is an ideal place to study dynamic sedimentation processes.Currently,due to a lack of highresolution bathymetry and relevant data for the entire Taiwan Strait,there are few studies on modeling the tide and sediment behaviors of the Taiwan Strait as a whole.In this study,based on high-resolution bathymetric and relevant hydrological data,a two-dimensional tidal current numerical model of the Taiwan Strait has been established,and a sediment transport module has been coupled to simulate the sediment transport in the Taiwan Strait.The dynamic simulation results indicate that the tidal current field in the Taiwan Strait is governed by two tidal waves from the south and north,exhibiting distinct temporal and spatial characteristics.The tidal flow velocity is higher in summer than in winter,and it is lower in the central part of the strait compared to the southern and northern sides,with the northern side being less than the southern side.Based on the deposition and erosion simulation results,the Taiwan Strait is categorized into three main types and a total of seven sedimentary subdivisions:deposition zones,erosion zones,and deposition-erosion equilibrium zones.The maximum sedimentation rate in the accumulation zones can reach 5 cm/a,primarily concentrated in the northern part of the Taiwan Bank,with erosion rates ranging from 2 cm/a to 5 cm/a in the erosion zones.Leveraging these simulation outcomes,this study constructs a sediment transport model and a ‘source-to-sink' pattern model for the Taiwan Strait,elucidating the dynamic mechanisms behind the strait's deposition and erosion changes and the ‘source-to-sink' process.

关 键 词：台湾海峡 数值模拟 水动力 泥沙输运 地貌演变 

分 类 号：P736.213[天文地球—海洋地质]