镍基铸造高温合金高周疲劳研究进展  

Research Progress on High-cycle Fatigue of Nickel-based Cast Superalloys

作　　者：孙志军 陈皓晖 赵云松[2] 张迈 窦学铮 张剑[2] 杨振宇 杨树峰[1] SUN Zhi-jun;CHEN Hao-hui;ZHAO Yun-song;ZHANG Mai;DOU Xue-zheng;ZHANG Jian;YANG Zhen-yu;YANG Shu-feng(School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Science and Technology on Advanced High Temperature Structural Materials Laboratory,Institute of Aeronautical Materials,Beijing 100095,China;Group 32382 of PLA,Beijing 100072,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京100083 [2]北京航空材料研究院先进高温结构材料重点实验室,北京100095 [3]中国人民解放军32382部队,北京100072

出　　处：《失效分析与预防》2024年第3期216-224,共9页Failure Analysis and Prevention

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(J2019-VI-0002-0115)。

摘　　要：由于航空发动机和燃气涡轮中的高温部件工作环境恶劣,存在高温、高压强、高振动等复杂工况,合金材料在此环境下需要长期保持优良的力学性能。镍基铸造高温合金被广泛应用于航空发动机、燃气涡轮等高温环境下的零部件中,其高温下的稳定性和力学性能是保证这些部件长期安全运行的重要因素。在高温高压等复杂环境下,合金材料会反复承受应力,导致疲劳损伤。高周疲劳是镍基高温合金失效的主要因素之一。由于材料在高应力状态下反复加载,导致其微观裂纹逐渐扩展,合金的服役寿命受到极大影响,对镍基高温合金高周疲劳性能的研究显得尤为重要。高周疲劳的发生与多种因素有关,其中包括合金的组织结构、应力水平、试验条件、表面缺陷等。本文分类讨论镍基铸造高温合金的高周疲劳机制在不同温度下的区别,研究不同失效状态下的规律特征以及其对合金高周疲劳的影响,对于研究叶片材料服役寿命规律,提高服役时间,降低研发周期具有指导意义。High-temperature components in aero-engines and gas turbines work under harsh conditions,such as high temperature,high pressure,high vibration and other complex working conditions.Under these conditions,alloys for high-temperature components need to maintain good mechanical properties for a long time.Nickel-based cast superalloys are widely used for high-temperature parts and components in aero-engines and gas turbines.Their stability and mechanical properties at high temperature are important factors to ensure long-term safe operation of these components.In the complex environment such as high temperature and high pressure,alloy materials will be subjected to repeated stress,resulting in fatigue damage.High-cycle fatigue is one of the main factors that lead to the failure of nickel-based superalloys.Because of repeated loading under high stress,microscopic cracks gradually expand in the materials,and their service life is greatly affected.Therefore,the research on high-cycle fatigue properties of nickel-based superalloys is particularly important.The occurrence of high-cycle fatigue is related to many factors,including the microstructure,stress level and surface defects of the alloys as well as test conditions.In the present work,the differences of high-cycle fatigue mechanisms of nickel-based cast superalloys at different temperature,and the rules and characteristics of different failure states and their effects on high-cycle fatigue of the alloys were discussed,which is of guiding significance for studying the service life rules of blade materials,improving their service time and reducing their research and development cycle.

关 键 词：镍基铸造高温合金 高周疲劳 疲劳性能 疲劳断裂 

分 类 号：V258[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TB332[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]