“五四宪法”的宪法观及其发展  

Constitutional Views and Their Development in the 1954 Constitution

作　　者：刘桂新 Liu Guixin

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学法学院

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2024年第3期88-104,共17页Law and Modernization

基　　金：2022年湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会课题(XSP22YBC128)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“五四宪法”的宪法观不仅设置了中国宪制发展的基本方向,同时也构成了理解现行宪法之宪法观的历史起点。为确保讨论的聚焦,可从宪法功能观、宪法权力观、基本权利观和宪法实施观四个方面来展开。从“五四宪法”到现行宪法的宪法变迁过程中,均可看到在上述四个宪法观方面的延续和发展。在宪法功能观方面,呈现出从确认功能到规范功能的转变;在宪法权力观方面,呈现出从一元性权力向有限多元性权力的发展;在基本权利观方面,呈现出从基本权利的宣示性功能向基本权利之保障与限制的规范性功能的展开;在宪法实施观方面,呈现出从传统的宪法监督走向以合宪性审查为中心的宪法全面实施。The constitutional views of the 1954 Constitution established the basic direction of constitutional development in China,while also serving as the historical starting point for understanding the constitutional views of the current Constitution.To ensure focused discussion,this paper will explore the issue from the following four aspects:the functional view of the Constitution,the power view of the Constitution,the view of basic rights,and the view of constitutional implementation.From the 1954 Constitution to the current Constitution,continuity and development can be seen in the above four aspects of constitutional views.In terms of the functional view of the Constitution,there is a transition from confirming functions to normative functions.In terms of the power view of the Constitution,there is a development from unitary power to limited pluralistic power.In terms of the view of basic rights,there is a development from the declarative function of basic rights to the normative function of safeguarding and restricting basic rights.In terms of the view of constitutional implementation,there is a shift from traditional constitutional supervision to comprehensive constitutional implementation centered on constitutional review for constitutionality.

关 键 词：“五四宪法” “八二宪法” 宪法观 宪法功能 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]