苏丹政治失序的根源:国家治理结构性危机  

The Roots of Political Disorder in Sudan:A Structural Crisis of State Governance

作　　者：张璡 Zhang Jin(College of International Studies,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学外国语学院,扬州225009

出　　处：《中国非洲学刊》2024年第1期44-56,145,共14页JOURNAL OF CHINA-AFRICA STUDIES

摘　　要：自独立以来,苏丹屡经政治动荡与冲突,其背后的深层原因在于国家治理存在结构性危机。军政府领导的制度建设没能为政治的制度化运行奠定稳固基础。政党制度弱化,难以发挥利益代表、利益表达和政治整合的制度性作用。政治制度衰败,各种社会力量以非制度化的方式直接参与政治。执政精英也未能平衡好国内各族群、地域之间的关系。权力、资源分配不平衡导致族群、文化身份被政治化,加剧社会对立与冲突。部分精英将宗教信仰政治化,造成国家治理目标严重错位,苏丹也因此多次错失实现国内和平与统一的机会。经济发展的结构性失衡导致民众的基本生活水平无法得到保障,进而冲击政治稳定。军事强人垮台后,苏丹政治失序进一步加剧,但重建稳定的政治秩序不能仅靠军事手段,只有通过对话达成共识才能为构建稳定的政治秩序奠定基础。Since independence Sudan has seen multiple political turmoil and conflicts,whose roots lie in the structural failures of state governance that have never been solved. The institution building dominated by the military failed to lay a solid foundation for the institutionalized operation of politics. The weakening of the political system makes it difficult to play the institutional role of interest representation,interest expression and political integration. The ruling elites also failed to balance between ethnic groups and regions in the country. Ethnic and cultural identities are politicized because of unbalanced distribution of power and resources,thus intensifying socio-political rivalries and conflicts. Some political elites politicized religious beliefs,which resulted in a serious misalignment of the objectives of national governance,and Sudan has repeatedly missed opportunities to achieve domestic peace and unity. The structural unbalance of economy has made the basic level of living almost unachievable for common people,whose protests threatened political stability. The political disorder in Sudan intensified after the collapse of the military strongman. The restoration of a stable political order cannot be accomplished by military means alone,and only a consensus reached through the dialogue can build the basis of a long-term political order.

关 键 词：苏丹 政治失序 国家治理 伊斯兰主义 

分 类 号：D741.2[政治法律—政治学]