21世纪以来欧盟对非洲政策——基于新殖民主义性质的分析  

European Union's Africa Policy in the 21st Century:From the Perspective of Neo-Colonialism

作　　者：简军波[1] 杨昭 Jian Junbo;Yang Zhao(the Center for China-Europe Relations,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433;School of International Relations and Public Affairs,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中欧关系研究中心,上海200433 [2]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海200433

出　　处：《中国非洲学刊》2024年第1期76-101,146,147,共28页JOURNAL OF CHINA-AFRICA STUDIES

摘　　要：21世纪初以来,欧盟对非政策经历了深刻调整,主要表现为:在战略上,朝向构建“平等伙伴关系”,以摆脱过去“援助者—受援者”关系;在经济上,推进《经济伙伴关系协定》(EPA)谈判,以放弃对非单边优惠,构建互惠经贸关系,同时通过“全球门户”计划重点促进对非基建和能源等领域的合作;在安全与防务上,主要推进在非洲维和与反恐行动,在非洲之角、几内亚湾和萨赫勒等地区打击海盗和实施多重反恐行动。尽管欧盟对非多领域合作不断深化且有所创新,机制化程度也日益提高,形式上的关系平等化逐步增强,但是从根本上看,欧盟对非政策依然包含深刻的新殖民主义性质,主要体现为:欧盟在对非合作中巩固并利用实力优势,维持双方不平等关系;对非实施政治和军事干涉并寻求控制;造成对非经济剥削以及非洲对欧盟市场的高度依附;对非洲进行认同塑造;在多个领域对非洲社会造成破坏。未来,非洲只有加强自身内部团结并与南方国家进行更深入合作,才能真正从欧盟新殖民主义束缚中脱离出来,实现真正的欧非平等关系。Since the beginning of the 21st century,the EU's Africa policy has undergone profound adjustments.Strategically,it tries to establish an equal“partnership”with Africa in lieu of the past“donor-recipient”relationship;Economically,to push forward the negotiation of“Economic Partnership Agreements”(EPAs),so as to abandon unilateral preferential policy to Africa and build mutually beneficial trade relations,and at the same time,to focus on promoting cooperation in infrastructure and energy fields through its“global gateway”initiative;and in the field of security and defense,mainly to promote peacekeeping operations in Africa,combat piracy and implement multiple anti-terrorism operations in the Horn of Africa,the Gulf of Guinea and the Sahel.Although the EU's multi-field cooperation with Africa has been deepened and innovated,the degree of institutionalization of EU-Africa relations has been improved,and the“equal”relationship in form has been highlighted,however,the EU's policy toward Africa still contains a profound essence of neo-colonialism,which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:the EU consolidates and utilizes its power advantages in its cooperation and negotiation with Africa to maintain unequal relations between the two sides,carry on political and military intervention in Africa and seek controlling power in the continent,take exploitative economic policy to Africa and promote Africa's high dependence on the EU market,shape African identity by Europeanization,and destroy African society and ecological environment.In the future,for Africa,only by strengthening its internal unity and deepening cooperation with other southern countries,it can become independent from the shackles of EU's neo-colonialism and realize a truly equal relationship with Europe.

关 键 词：欧盟对非洲政策 新殖民主义 平等伙伴关系 独立自主 

分 类 号：D84[政治法律—政治学] D85[政治法律—外交学] D814.1