前燕政权建构中的“后赵问题”——试析十六国正统性继承中的约束机制  

“Later Zhao Problem”in the Construction of Former Yan Regime:On the Restriction Mechanism in the Orthodox Inheritance of the Sixteen States

作　　者：李磊[1] Li Lei

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系,200241

出　　处：《中国边疆史地研究》2024年第2期21-31,221,222,共13页China's Borderland History and Geography Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“六朝京畿建构与江东社会变迁”(23YJA770008)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：建立前燕的慕容氏在正朔问题上经历了从认同东晋到认同后赵的复杂过程。在与石虎对峙时期,慕容曾一度向后赵称藩,其政权内部也存在着附和后赵的势力。慕容儒即位后以王朝易代来解读赵、燕在华北的统治交替,但在元玺元年(352)称帝时,慕容在五德次序上越过后赵而承接西晋。这是因为扫除幽、冀、充、青等州的后赵残余势力是当务之急,否定后赵正统性为时政所需。建熙五至七年间(364一366)慕容转而承认后赵在五德次序中的位置,这是光寿三年(359)后东晋成为主要敌手的缘故,后赵旗号成为否定东晋正统性的政治资源。前燕认同后赵正朔的过程展现了十六国正统性继承中的约束机制,出于统治华北的考虑,须妥善处理前一政权的政治遗产;顾及与东晋的正统性竞争,须另寻政治资源建构十六国间的法统谱系。The Murong clan,who founded the Former Yan,went through a complicated process from identifying with the Eastern Jin Dynasty to identifying with the Later Zhao Dynasty.During the confrontation between Murong Huang and Shi Hu,Murong Huang was once called vassal to Later Zhao.At the same time,the influence of Later Zhao went deeply into the Murong regime.Murong Jun thought Yan replaced Zao in north China as the change of dynasties.But in 352 when he ascended the throne,he thought the Former Yan was continued from the Western Jin,not from Later Zhao.Denied the orthodoxy of Later Zhao and swept away the separatist forces of Later Zhao in Youzhou,Jizhou,Yanzhou and Qingzhou were imminent for the Former Yan at that time.In 364--366,Murong Wei admitted the orthodoxy of the Later Zhao,bacause the Later Zhao could be used to deny the legitimacy of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.The process of Former Yan's identification with Later Zhao shows the restriction mechanism in the inheritance legitimacy of the Sixteen States.For the sake of ruling North China,it is necessary to properly deal with the political heritage of the former regime.Taking into account the orthodox competition with the Eastern Jin Dynasty,it is necessary to find political resources to construct the legitimacy system among the Sixteen States.

关 键 词：十六国 法统 充后赵前燕 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学]