印尼巴布亚民族分离主义问题的由来及其治理研究  

作　　者：郭雷庆 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学马克思主义学院,徐州221116

出　　处：《世界民族》2024年第3期60-73,共14页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“当代多民族国家民族分离主义治理研究”(编号:20CZZ009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当前印尼巴布亚分离主义形势的恶化,是六十年来多重问题的叠加与积重难返造成的,这些问题主要源自印尼国家建构与巴布亚民族分离主义之间的矛盾与冲突。从历史上看,双方的博奔可分为三个阶段:在1945-1969年间的第一阶段,荷兰殖民者培育和激发了巴布亚人的民族分离主义意识,印尼则在美国帮助下完成了对巴布亚的合法并入。在1969-1998年间的第二阶段,苏哈托政权的不自由和平建设,强化了对巴布亚的政治整合,严厉打击了民族分离主义势力,但分离主义却从精英诉求进一步扩展为大众诉求。从1998年至今的第三阶段,《巴布亚特别自治法》的实施并未取得预期成效,民族分离主义形势趋于恶化。理性认识巴布亚问题的治理困境需要从三个视角来看,一是印尼在国家建构过程中并未有效保护巴布亚人的民族权利,二是巴布亚分离主义势力依据的民族自决权理论和民主分离理论都不能作为其分离的合法依据,三是印尼中央政府要遇制巴布亚分离主义的恶化趋势,必须制订一套行之有效的反分裂战略。The current deterioration of the separatist situation in Indonesia's Papua is caused by the superposition and accumulation of multiple issues over the past 60 years,which primarily stemmed from the contradiction and conflict between Indonesia's state-building efforts and Papua's nationalist pursuit.Historically,the game between the two sides can be divided into three phases:In the first phase,between 1945 and 1969,the Dutch colonists nurtured and stimulated Papuans'sense of nationalism,while Indonesia,with the help of the United States,completed its legal annexation of Papua.In the second phase,between 1969 and 1998,the illiberal peace-building measures pursued by the Suharto regime strengthened the political integration of Papua and severely cracked down on ethnic separatism,but separatism further expanded from elite demand to popular demand.In the third phase from 1998 to the present day,the implementation of the Special Autonomy Law for Papua has failed to achieve the expected results,and the situation of ethnic separatism has worsened.To rationally understand the governance dilemma of the Papua issue,we need to look at it from three perspectives:first,Indonesia has not effectively protected the ethnic rights of Papuans in the process national construction;second,the theories of national self-determination and democratic separation cited by the Papua separatist forces cannot serve as the legal basis for their separation;third,the Indonesian central government needs to develop a set of effective anti-secession strategies to curb the deteriorating trend of Papuan separatism.

关 键 词：印度尼西亚 巴布亚 国家建构 民族分离主义 特别自治 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]