生态环境损害赔偿数额的司法确定  

Judicial Determination of Compensation Amount for Ecological Environment Damage

作　　者：张印 ZHANG Yin

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《宁波大学学报（人文科学版）》2024年第4期119-132,共14页Journal of Ningbo University：Liberal Arts Edition

基　　金：北京师范大学博一学科交叉基金项目“生态环境损害赔偿数额的司法确定”(BNUXKJC2312)。

摘　　要：生态环境损害赔偿数额的司法确定涉及技术与法律的交叉,亟待技术治理与法律治理的协同推进。生态环境损害赔偿范围存在“五项说”“四项说”“三项说”等争议,应采取“三项说”,即生态环境修复费用、修复期间服务功能的损失以及生态环境功能永久性损害造成的损失,生态环境损害鉴定评估得出的数额即可完全涵盖上述赔偿项目。司法实践中,赔偿数额的确定面临过度依赖鉴定意见、价值判断缺失等困境。应明确技术评估的法律意义为教育而非遵从,由此摆脱生态环境损害赔偿数额确定的技术依赖症。采取“形式审查—实质审查—二次调控”的审查进路,将价值衡量规则引入赔偿数额的司法审查过程,以实现技术标准与法律标准的互动与融合,并将生态环境损害赔偿磋商机制拓展至诉讼过程,赋予当事人以更为广泛和实质的参与权,增强技术论辩的对抗性,进而推动环境司法审判的专业化、科学化,助力环境法治现代化。The judicial determination of the amount of compensation for ecological environment damage involves the intersection of technology and law and requires urgently the collaborative promotion of technological and legal governance.There are disputes over the scope of compensation for ecological environment damage,such as the “five item theory”,“four item theory”,and “three item theory”.We should adopt the “three item theory” which includes the cost of ecological environment restoration,the loss of service functions during the restoration,and the loss caused by permanent damage to ecological environment functions.The amount determined based on appraisal and evaluation can fully cover the above-mentioned compensation items.The determination of compensation amount in judicial practice faces difficulties such as excessive reliance on appraisal opinions and lack of value judgment.The legal significance of technical evaluation should be clarified as education rather than compliance,thus getting rid of the technical dependence on determining the amount of compensation for ecological environment damage.A review approach of “formal review-substantive review-secondary regulation” should be adopted to introduce value measurement rules into the judicial review process of compensation amounts,so as to achieve the interaction and integration of technical standards and legal standards,and expand the negotiation mechanism for ecological environment damage compensation to the litigation process,granting parties extensive and substantive participation rights,enhancing the adversarial nature of technical argumentation,and promoting the professionalization and scientificization of environmental judicial trials,supporting the modernization of Chinese style environmental rule of law.

关 键 词：环境损害 赔偿数额 司法审查 鉴定意见 价值衡量 

分 类 号：DF46[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]