抗除草剂作物的研发与应用进展  

Progress in Development and Application of Herbicide-Resistant Crops

作　　者：戴玲玲 梁蓉 谢广乐 强胜 宋小玲 DAI Lingling;LIANG Rong;XIE Guangle;QIANG Sheng;SONG Xiaoling(Weed Research Laboratory,College of Life Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学生命科学学院杂草研究室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《杂草学报》2024年第1期1-16,共16页Journal of Weed Science

摘　　要：抗除草剂作物在农业生产中发挥了重要作用,种植抗除草剂作物能提高杂草防除效率,降低农业生产成本。但随着抗除草剂作物大面积推广和长期使用单一除草剂,抗除草剂作物自身杂草化、抗性基因漂移、除草剂选择压导致的杂草抗性问题也逐步显现,如何科学研发和应用抗除草剂作物值得深入思考。本文系统综述了全球利用转基因技术、自然变异、人工诱变以及基因编辑技术研发抗除草剂作物及其商业化应用的进展;特别介绍了我国抗除草剂转基因作物的研发及应用现状。从抗除草剂作物自身杂草化、抗性基因漂移以及除草剂选择压3个方面分析了抗除草剂作物种植可能引起的抗性杂草问题,并提出了应对措施,以期为我国抗除草剂作物的研发及产业化发展提供理论参考。Herbicide-resistant(HR)crops has played an important role in agricultural production.The planting of HR crops can improve the weed control efficiency and reduce the cost of agricultural production.However,with the large-scale planting of HR crops and the long-term use of the herbicide of single mode of action,the problem of HR weeds caused by the weediness of HR crops,the HR gene flow,and the herbicide selection pressure has gradually emerged.It is worthy of in-depth consideration to know how to develop and apply HR crops scientifically.This paper reviewed the progress in development and commercial application of HR crops obtained by transgenic technology,natural variation,artificial mutation and genome editing technology,and especially introduced the development and application of HR transgenic crops in China systematically.The problems of HR weeds caused by the planting of HR crops were analyzed from the perspective of the weediness of HR crops,the risks caused by the HR gene flow to relative weeds and the herbicide selection pressure,and the measures for delaying the evolution of HR weeds were proposed.Hopefully,this review would be able to provide theoretical reference for the development of research and commercialization of HR crops in China.

关 键 词：抗除草剂作物 抗性杂草 自身杂草化 基因漂移 除草剂选择压 

分 类 号：S481.4[农业科学—农药学]