毕节山地玉米田间杂草种类及危害程度调查  

Species and Infestation Level of Weeds in Maize Fields of Bijie Mountain Locality

作　　者：王晓宇[1] 曾松 罗金仁 王顺清 罗会[2] WANG Xiaoyu;ZENG Song;LUO Jinren;WANG Shunqing;LUO Hui(College of Life Sciences,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Institute of Fruit Tree Science,Guizhou 550006,China;Guangxi Tianyuan Biochemical Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学生命科学学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省果树科学研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [3]广西田园生化股份有限公司,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《杂草学报》2024年第1期17-30,共14页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2021YDF1700100)。

摘　　要：为明确毕节山地玉米种植区田间杂草的组成以及群落结构特征,采用倒置“W”九点取样法于2023年7月对毕节地区的玉米田杂草发生种类及危害情况进行调查。结果表明,毕节地区玉米田杂草184种,隶属于47科140属,其中双子叶杂草153种,单子叶杂草31种,分别占样方中杂草种类的83.16%和16.84%。优势杂草主要有菊科(共37种,占20.11%)、禾本科(共24种,占13.04%)、蓼科(共16种,占8.70%);通过优势度分析,相对多度最大的是升马唐,为31.49,其次是粗毛牛膝菊和狗尾草,分别为28.43和27.69。发生广泛且危害严重的有粗毛牛膝菊、升马唐、狗尾草、繁缕、鬼针草;其次是腺梗豨莶、细柄野荞麦、阿拉伯婆婆纳、尼泊尔蓼、野艾蒿、酢浆草、铁苋菜、裂苞铁苋菜、藜、打碗花、小蓬草、牛筋草、野草香、反枝苋和续断菊。A weed survey of species and infestation was conducted using sample collection at 9 points of inverted W-pattern to determine omposition and community structure characteristics of weeds in maize fields of Bijie Mountain Locality in July 2023.The results showed that there were 184 species of weeds in the maize fields of the region,belonging to 46 families and 139 genera.Among them,there were 153 dicotyledonous weeds and 31 monocotyledonous weeds,accounting for 83.16%and 16.84%,respectively.The dominant families mainly include Compositae with 37 species accounting for 20.11%,Poaceae with 24 species accounting for 13.04%,and Polygonaceae with 16 species accounting for 8.70%.Through dominance analysis,the highest relative abundance was Digitaria ciliaris with 31.49,followed by Galinsoga quadriradiata and Setaria viridis with 28.43 and 27.69.The widely occurring and severely harmful weeds include Galinsoga quadriradiata,D.ciliaris,S.viridis,Stellaria media and Bidens pilosa.Next were Siegesbeckia pubescens,Fagopyrum gracilipes,Veronica persica,Persicaria nepalensis,Artemisia lavandulifolia,Oxalis corniculata,Acalypha australis,A.supera,Chenopodium album,Calystegia hederacea,Erigeron canadensis,Eleusine indica,Amaranthus retroflexus var.retroflexus and Sonchus asper.

关 键 词：玉米田 杂草种类 优势度 相对多度 危害程度 

分 类 号：S451.0[农业科学—植物保护]