稗草对机械穴直播水稻产量的影响及其生理机制  

Effect of Echinocloa spp.Weeds on Yield of Rice and Their Physiological Mechanism in Mechanized Hill-Direct-Seeding Fields

作　　者：宋英[1] 董明辉[1] 顾俊荣[1] SONG Ying;DONG Minghui;GU Junrong(Taihu Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu,Suzhou 215155,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所,江苏苏州215155

出　　处：《杂草学报》2024年第1期31-37,共7页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)面上项目(编号:BE2021315);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(编号:JATS[2023]109)。

摘　　要：为了给机械穴直播水稻高产栽培和杂草综合治理提供科学依据,以苏粳4699为试验材料,自水稻播种后7 d至成熟分别与光头稗和无芒稗共生,以无杂草的水稻处理为对照,研究机械穴直播条件下稗草对水稻产量的影响及其生理机制。结果表明,与对照相比,水稻与稗草共生后产量显著降低,但处理间存在较大差异。光头稗处理显著降低了水稻的每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重,造成水稻减产13.0%,而无芒稗处理的水稻减产55.2%,这主要是由水稻单位面积穗数、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重的显著降低所致。光头稗和无芒稗处理还显著降低了机械穴直播水稻灌浆期的根系氧化力、剑叶净光合速率、籽粒中玉米素+玉米素核苷含量、灌浆早期的脱落酸含量,籽粒中蔗糖合酶、ADP葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶、淀粉合酶和淀粉分支酶的活性以及成熟期的地上部干物质积累量,上述生理指标的降低可能是机械穴直播水稻在与稗草共生过程中产量降低的重要原因。To provide scientific basis on high yield of rice and integrated weed management,we carried out experiment in effect of Echinocloa spp.weeds on yield of rice and their[JP]physiological mechanism in mechanized hill-direct-seeding field.In this work,[JP+1]we taked Sujing 4699(a japonica cultivar)as a rice cultivar which was co-cultured with two Echinocloa weeds from 7 days after sowing to maturity of rice.And we also designed treatments as follow:rice with E.colonum(L.)Link,rice with E.crusgalli(L.)Beauv.var.mitis(Pursh)Petern,and weed free check(CK).The results showed that yield of rice co-cultured with Echinocloa weeds decreased significantly compared with CK,but differed largely between these two treatments.Due to the significant decrease in grain number per panicle,the rate of seed set and 1000-grain weight,the yield of rice co-cultured with E.colonum(L.)Link decreased by 13.0%.The yield of rice co-cultured with E.crusgalli(L.)Beauv.var.mitis(Pursh)Petern reduced by 55.2%due to significant decrease in panicle number,grain number per panicle,the rate of seed set and 1000-grain weight.When rice was co-cultured with E.colonum(L.)Link or E.crusgalli(L.)Beauv.var.mitis(Pursh)Petern,abscisic acid content in grains was significantly reduced at early grain filling stage.Oxidation activity of root,net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf,contents of zeat plus zeatinriboside in grains,activities of sucrose synthase,ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase,starch synthase and starch branching enzyme in grains also significantly decreased at rice grain filling stage.And aboveground dry matter accumulation significantly lessened at maturity stage.The decrease of the above-mentioned physiological indexes may be the important reason for the reduction of yield of rice co-cultured with Echinocloa spp.weeds under mechanized hill-direct-seeding.

关 键 词：机械穴直播水稻 稗草 产量 生理机制 

分 类 号：S451.21[农业科学—植物保护]