稗与苘麻对春玉米生长发育的影响及不同除草策略下的经济阈值  

Effect of Echinochloa crusgalli and Abutilon theophrasti on Growth and Development of Spring Maize and Economic Threshold of Different Weeding Method

作　　者：刘文莉 孟威 郭晶婷 孙慕君 张鑫忱 关依迪 纪明山[1] LIU Wenli;MENG Wei;GUO Jingting;SUN Mujun;ZHANG Xinchen;GUAN Yidi;JI Mingshan(Plant Protection College,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Liaoning Green Agricultural Technology Center,Shenyang 110034,China;College of Science,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]辽宁省绿色农业技术中心,辽宁沈阳110034 [3]沈阳农业大学理学院,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《杂草学报》2024年第1期38-46,共9页Journal of Weed Science

摘　　要：为优化玉米田杂草防治策略和降低管理及生产成本提供理论依据,2021年在辽宁省开展田间试验,设置稗和苘麻不同密度比例(17∶0、29∶0、30∶3、43∶3、97∶4、262∶5、792∶10、0∶10、719∶0)并以无稗和苘麻为对照,分析玉米生长发育指标和产量性状的变化。在此基础上建立稗与苘麻密度比例与玉米产量间的幂函数模型,并由此推导出玉米田稗、苘麻防治的经济阈值,探究不同密度比例下稗和苘麻与玉米的竞争关系。结果表明,稗和苘麻的综合竞争干扰对玉米授粉期株高和收获期茎粗影响不显著;稗的密度占比最高时,玉米授粉期茎粗、收获期株高和整株鲜重均受到显著干扰,此时玉米产量最低;对穗长、穗粗、单穗重和百粒重的影响不显著。幂函数模型为y=16015.94x-0.047(r 2=0.993,F=11651.090,P=0.0001),能较好地拟合杂草组合密度与辽宁省春玉米产量的关系。防除杂草需要根据“治早治小”的原则,在选用不同方案防除春玉米田中混生杂草稗和苘麻时,应根据其对应的经济阈值(人工除草的经济阈值为8.75株/m 2,乙·莠·滴辛酯、硝磺·烟·莠防除杂草的经济阈值分别为4.45、4.58株/m 2,乙·莠·滴辛酯+硝磺·烟·莠防除杂草的经济阈值为5.40株/m 2)进行实施,将玉米产量损失降到最低。In order to optimize the weeding strategy and reduce the stewardship and production cost,experiment was carried out in maize fields of Liaoning Province in 2021.In the field,Echinochloa crusgalli and Abutilon theophrasti grew together according to different density ratios with 17∶0,29∶0,30∶3,43∶3,97∶4,262∶5,792∶10,0∶10 and 719∶0,and E.crusgalli and A.theophrasti free check(CK)was also designed.We analysised the change of indexes of growth and development and yield attributes of maize,constructed the power function model between density ratio of E.crusgalli and A.theophrasti and yield of maize,and then drived economic thresholds of different weeding method to explore competitive relationships between these two weeds and maize.The results showed that comprehensive competing interference of these two weeds had no significant effect on plant height at pollination period and stem diameter at harvest period.While density ratios of E.crusgalli was highest,the comprehensive competing interference had significant effect on stem diameter at pollination period and plant height and fresh weight at harvest period,but had no effect on ear length,ear diameter,single ear weight and 100-seed weight of maize.Meanwhile,yield of maize was highest.The power function model was y=16015.94x-0.047(r 2=0.993,F=11651.090,P=0.0001),which could better fit the relationship between density ratio of these two weeds and yield of spring maize in Liaoning.The principle of weeding at emergence stage should be followed in weed control.Different weeding methods should be implemented according to their corresponding economic thresholds to minimize the loss of maize yield when controlling these two weeds grew together in maize fields.Economic threshold of artificial weeding was 8.75 plants/m 2;Economic thresholds of weeding via acetochlor·atrazine·2,4-D-ethylhexyl and mesotrione·nicosulfuron·atrazine were 4.45,4.58 plants/m 2;And economic threshold of weeding via acetochlor·atrazine·2,4-D-ethylhexyl mixed with mesotrione·nicosu

关 键 词：春玉米 稗 苘麻 混生杂草密度比例 产量 经济阈值 防治指标 

分 类 号：S451.222[农业科学—植物保护]