6种除草剂对洋葱幼苗田间杂草防治效果及安全性评价  

Effect of Six Herbicides on Weeds at Seedling Stage of Onion and Their Selectivity Evaluation

作　　者：张仕林 陈微 惠林冲[1] 潘美红[1] 李威亚 何林玉 杨海峰[1] ZHANG Shilin;CHEN Wei;HUI Linchong;PAN Meihong;LI Weiya;HE Linyu;YANG Haifeng(Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lianyungang 222000,China)

机构地区：[1]连云港市农业科学院,江苏连云港222000

出　　处：《杂草学报》2024年第1期62-70,共9页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：亚夫科技服务项目[编号:KF(22)1019];连云港市521工程科研项目(编号:LYG06521202134)。

摘　　要：为探究不同除草剂对洋葱幼苗田杂草的防效以及对洋葱幼苗生长发育的影响,并为除草剂在洋葱育苗田的安全使用提供依据,采用土壤和茎叶喷雾法,测定30%辛酰溴苯腈乳油(EC)、30%烯草酮EC、20%精喹禾灵EC、70%2,4-滴二甲胺盐水剂(AS)这4种苗后除草剂以及55%乙氧·异·甲戊EC和330 g/L二甲戊灵EC这2种土壤封闭除草剂对洋葱幼苗的室内安全性、田间除草效果及对生长的影响。结果表明,6种不同除草剂对洋葱幼苗的室内安全性存在差异,30%辛酰溴苯腈EC、30%烯草酮EC和20%精喹禾灵EC等3种药剂对洋葱幼苗无药害或只有极轻微药害,洋葱叶片和植株生长正常;70%2,4-滴二甲胺盐AS处理产生3级药害;55%乙氧·异·甲戊EC对出苗率影响小,后期幼苗生长健壮;330 g/L二甲戊灵EC对出苗率影响较大,并产生了1~2级的药害。6种不同除草剂对洋葱幼苗田间杂草株防效存在差异,30%辛酰溴苯腈EC药后35 d对灰绿藜和荠等双子叶的鲜重防效均高于90%,50 d对上述双子叶杂草的鲜重防效均高于70%;70%2,4-滴二甲胺盐AS对各类杂草的鲜重防效均较差;30%烯草酮EC和20%精喹禾灵EC对狗尾草、稗、菵草等禾本科杂草鲜重防效好,前者35 d内效果良好,后者更长效;55%乙氧·异·甲戊EC作为苗期封闭能够较好地抑制各类杂草的生长,35 d洋葱幼苗生长矮状,50 d洋葱幼苗生长较CK健壮;330 g/L二甲戊灵EC封闭抑制效果不及55%乙氧·异·甲戊EC,且对洋葱幼苗生长产生抑制,不宜使用。综上,用药量为1125 mL/hm 230%辛酰溴苯腈EC对双子叶杂草防效好,用药量分别为480、255 mL/hm 2的30%烯草酮EC、20%精喹禾灵EC对禾本科杂草防效好,用药量为1650 mL/hm 2的55%乙氧·异·甲戊EC可作为苗期封闭药使用,可起到安全较好的除草效果。This study aimed to explore the effects of different herbicides on weeds and growth and development of onion seedlings,and provided a basis for the selective application of herbicides in onion fields.Therefore,we taked six herbicides to carry out field trail,which were 4 pre-emergence herbicides including bromoxynil octanoate 30%EC,clethodim 30%EC,quizalofop-P-ethyl 20%EC and 2,4-D 70%AS and 2 post-emergence herbicides including oxyfluorfen·metolachlor·pendimethalin 55%EC and pendimethalin 330 g/L EC.And then we also sprayed these six herbicides at pre-and post-emergence stages to determine their selectivity to onion in lab,field weeding efficiency and growth of onion seedlings.The results showed that these six herbicides had different selectivity to onion seedlings in lab.Bromoxynil octanoate 30%EC,clethodim 30%EC and quizalofop-P-ethyl 20%EC showed no or slight injury on seedlings of onion,and their leaves and plants grew normally.2,4-D 70%AS produced 3 levels injury on onion.Oxyfluorfen·metolachlor·pendimethalin 55%EC had little effect on the emergence rate,and the seedlings grew strongly in the later stage.Pendimethalin 330 g/L EC lead to a negative influence on the emergence rate and produced injury of 1-2 levels.Plant control effects of 6 herbicides on onion seedlings exited differences in fields.The fresh weight control effects on dicot weeds such as Oxybasis glauca and Capsella bursa-pastoris were more than 90%at 35 days and that were more than 70%at 50 days applied bromoxynil octanoate 30%EC.2,4-D 70%AS showed poor fresh weight control effect on all kinds of weeds.Clethodim 30%EC and quizalofop-P-ethyl 20%EC showed excellent fresh weight control effect on gramineous weeds such as Setaria viridis,Echinochloa crusgalli and Beckmannia syzigachne.Clethodim revealed good effect within 35 days,and quizalofop-P-ethyl revealed good effect in a longer time.Oxyfluorfen·metolachlor·pendimethalin 55%EC,a post-emergent herbicide,could well inhibited the growth of all kinds of weeds.Meanwhile,onion seedlings was

关 键 词：洋葱幼苗 除草剂 安全性 除草效果 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S451.241[农业科学—植物保护] S481.9