巴基斯坦谢胡普拉农业区优先流三维结构及其影响因素  

Three-dimensional structure of preferential flow and its influencing factors in the agricultural area of Sheikhupura,Pakistan

作　　者：MUHAMMAD Atif 牛健植[1] MUHAMMAD Haris MALIK Zoha MUHAMMAD Atif;NIU Jianzhi;MUHAMMAD Haris;MALIK Zoha(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2024年第3期20-27,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

摘　　要：优先流是水通过土壤中特定路径的运动,而不是水在土壤结构里均匀地流动。由于土壤的异质性,例如裂缝、根通道或虫洞,这些优先流动路径经常形成。这种分形图案使理解和描述首选流动路线的行为变得具有挑战性。为了准确地进行水和溶质的输送,需要花费大量时间来理解和描述优先流路的增长和演变。传统模型需要改进来捕捉优先流的复杂和非线性行为。选取4块120 cm×120 cm样地,对4块样地进行染料示踪实验,以确认溶质和水的优选流动模式。数据已在Origin Lab中进行分析,以创建3D图表,并使用Sketchu p-2021 Pro向每个绘图提供0.50 L亮蓝溶液(5 g/L)。每个地块包含3个垂直的土壤剖面,每个剖面深150 cm,并且剖面墙经过广泛的刀具准备。将亮蓝留在表面24 h以渗透到土壤表面。结果表明:优先流在压实度最小且大孔隙连续性保持的区域最为突出。相反,压实的影响导致压实区域微孔隙率降低和优先流动模式减弱。亮蓝色在土壤中的最大深度可达15.5 cm。FCP的运动取决于不同的因素,如根部、毛孔、裂缝等。亮蓝色在根部可用的地方达到最大深度。在本研究中,通过使用Sketch Pro软件以三维方式显示亮蓝色运动,以便更好地理解它。此外,本研究揭示压实和随后的恢复过程如何影响土壤对水流和地表径流的敏感性。全面的3D表示,这项研究提供了对水流通道的形成和演化的深入理解。根据本研究发现的水流模式,在没有压实作用的较高位置,大孔隙连续性得以保留,择流最强。由于压实作用,微孔隙度下降,且越下侧越弱。该研究可以更好地理解水流通道的创建和演化。该研究增强对优先流及其在自然和农业生态系统中养分和水循环中的作用的了解。从这项研究中获得的见解可以为制定改进的农业用地管理策略提供信息,促进可持续和高效的水资源管理。[Background]Preferential flow is the movement of water through specific pathways in soil rather than a more uniform flow through the soil structure.Because of soil heterogeneity,such as fractures,root channels,or wormholes,these preferential flow pathways frequently form.This fractal pattern can make it challenging to understand and describe the behavior of preferred flow routes.For accurate water and solute transport,it is need of hour to comprehend and describe the growth and evolution of preferential flow routes.Improvement in conventional models will be needed to capture preferential flow s complicated and nonlinear behavior.[Methods]Four 120 cm×120 cm plots were chosen and a dye tracing experiment was carried out to confirm the solute and water s preferred flow patterns on four plots.Data was analyzed in Origin Lab to create 3D graphs and tables and Sketchup Pro-2021.The 50 litters solution of Brilliant Blue(5 g/L)and water were given to each plot.Each plot contained three vertical soil profiles of 150 cm deep,and the profile walls underwent extensive knife preparation.The Brilliant Blue was left on the surface for 24 h for the penetration in soil surface.[Results]The results demonstrate that preferential flow is most prominent in the areas with minimal compaction and a preserved continuity of macro-pores.Conversely,the impact of compaction leads to a decrease in micro-porosity and weaker preferential flow patterns in compacted regions.Brilliant Blue reaches a maximum depth of 15.5 cm in the soil.The movement of flow connectivity patterns(FCP)depends on different factors like roots,pores,cracks,etc.The Brilliant Blue goes maximum depth where the roots are available.In this study,Brilliant Blue movement has been shown in three-dimensional way by using Sketch Pro software for a better understanding of it.Moreover,this study reveals how compaction and subsequent recovery processes influence soil s susceptibility to water flow and surface runoff.By presenting comprehensive 3D representations,this study offers a

关 键 词：优先流 土壤异质性 压实效应 大孔隙 

分 类 号：S715.3[农业科学—林学]