档案之外:晚清江南纠纷解决的实践逻辑--以杜凤治《归田日记》为素材  

The Practical Logic in Dispute Resolution in Late-Qing Jiangnan Area:Insights from Du Fengzhi's Gui Tian Riji Other Than the Official Archives

作　　者：徐忠明 Xu Zhongming

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2024年第2期85-128,共44页Law and Modernization

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“清代官员日记与地方治理研究”(20AFX007)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清代中国的纠纷解决,具有多元化的特点:从纠纷双方自行协商,到邀请绅耆、亲友、中保以及邻里居中调解息争,再到告官审断;纵然告官审断,仍不排除民间调解的同时并进。在判牍与司法档案中,虽可看到民间调解与官府审断的互动,却极难知晓民间调解的具体细节,更难读到纠纷发生之后,双方应对纠纷、解决纠纷的方法与策略;而在告官审断之时之中之后,必须考量各种影响诉讼胜负的复杂因素,诸如两造身份、财力、官场人脉、诉讼成本、未来利益,以及承审官员的性情、偏好、能力与贪廉。但是,晚清江南绅士杜凤治的《归田日记》,却为读者提供了这些方面的详尽记载,使读者有机会深入考察纠纷解决的各个环节,以及影响诉讼的各种因素,或可弥补判牍与档案的不足。The resolution of disputes during the Qing Dynasty exhibited a diverse and multi-faceted approach,including informal consultations between involved parties,the mediation involving the gentry,friends,relatives,and neighbors,and official trials.Even within the formal adjudication system,there was a concurrent presence of civil mediation.While the interaction between civil mediation and official adjudication can be observed in legal documents and judicial records,the specific details of civil mediation are challenging to ascertain.Furthermore,understanding the methods and strategies adopted by the parties to address and resolve disputes after their occurrence proves to be even more elusive.In the aftermath of official adjudication,various complex factors must be considered,including the identities of the parties,their financial capabilities,connections in officialdom,litigation costs,future interests,and the characteristics,preferences,competence,and integrity of the adjudicating officials.However,Du Fengzhi s Gui Tian Riji归田日记,a diary from a late Qing Dynasty gentleman in Jiangnan area,provides readers with a detailed account of these dimensions.This invaluable record offers an opportunity to delve deeply into the different aspects of dispute resolution and the myriad factors influencing litigation,potentially compensating for the limitations inherent in legal documents and archives.

关 键 词：晚清江南 纠纷解决 绅士 杜凤治 《归田日记》 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学] D929[历史地理—中国史]