汾渭平原历史城址分布规律及自然适宜性关系研究  

Distribution pattern of historical city sites and its relationship with their natural suitability in the Fen-Wei plain

作　　者：朱玲[1,2] 顾子卓 孙亚洲 唐小敏 徐萌[3] ZHU Ling;GU Zizhuo;SUN Yazhou;TANG Xiaomin;XU Meng(School of Architecture,Xi′an Univ.of Arch.&Tech.,Xi′an 710055,China;China Academy of Urban-Rural Development&Cultural Heritage,Xi′an Univ.of Arch.&Tech.,Xi′an 710055,China;Sub-institite of Historic City Protection and Development,China Academy of Urban Planning and Design,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院,陕西西安710055 [2]西安建筑科技大学中国城乡建设与文化传承研究院,陕西西安710055 [3]中国城市规划设计研究院历史文化名城保护与发展研究分院,北京100044

出　　处：《西安建筑科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期348-357,共10页Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：陕西省社会科学基金年度项目(2023J037);陕西省教育厅重点科学研究计划项目(23JT016);西安建筑科技大学新型城镇化研究基金(2023SCZH04)。

摘　　要：中国本土城市规划以构建人与自然和谐秩序为第一要义.深度剖析历史城市选址的自然适宜性特征与规律,探索其背后的科学机理,具有高度的学术价值.以历史时期城市营建与自然环境关系较为密切的汾渭平原为研究区域,选取该区域7个典型历史时期的428个城市样本,运用地理探测器与自然适宜性模糊综合评价等方法,分析并论证了自然环境因子对历史城市选址的影响关系,构建了区域历史城市自然适宜性评价指标体系,揭示了区域历史城市时空分布规律及其自然环境适宜特征.结果表明:(1)自然环境对于汾渭平原地区历史城址空间分布具有重要影响,且多因子交互下存在明显增强特征,其中高程、地表起伏度、土壤类型以及距离水系的垂直距离为影响城市选址的主导因子,地势平坦高爽、邻水、土壤熟化度高、覆盖层厚的自然特征为其重要前提;(2)历史时期自然环境适宜程度与城址空间分布具有一定的规律特征,区域整体自然适宜性以渭河、汾河、涑水河为轴向两侧递减,历史时期内城市分布基本集中于适宜区域与较适宜区域,且伴随演进城市选址的范围逐渐扩大,表明区域城市选址对于自然环境的适应力与改造力逐渐提升.Chinese indigenous urban planning prioritizes the construction of a harmonious order between humans and nature.Therefore,it is academically valuable to deeply analyze the natural suitability characteristics and laws of historical urban site selection and explore the scientific mechanism behind them.Taking the Fen-Wei plain as the research area,a region where urban construction in historical periods was closely related to the natural environment,as the research area,428 urban samples from seven typical historical periods in this region were selected.The influence of natural environment factors on the selection of historical cities was analyzed and demonstrated by using the methods of geographical detector and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of natural suitability.The evaluation indicator system of natural suitability of regional historical cities was constructed,and the spatial and temporal distribution law of regional historical cities and the suitable characteristics of natural environment were revealed.The results show that:(1)The natural environment has an important impact on the spatial distribution of historical cities in the Fen-Wei Plain,and there are obvious enhancement characteristics under the interaction of multiple factors.Among them,elevation,surface relief,soil type,and vertical distance from water systems are the dominant factors affecting urban site selection.The natural characteristics of flat and high terrain,adjacency to water,high soil maturation,and thick overburden are important prerequisites;(2)There are certain regular characteristics between the suitability of the natural environment and the spatial distribution of urban sites in historical periods.The overall natural suitability of the region gradually decreases on both sides of the axial directions of the Weihe River,Fenhe River,and Sutuihe River.In the historical periods,the urban distribution is basically concentrated in the suitable areas and the more suitable areas,and along with the evolution the scale of the site selection is gradu

关 键 词：汾渭平原 历史城市 地理探测器 自然适宜性 模糊综合评价 

分 类 号：TU982[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]