清代广州十三行商馆区火灾与应对措施探析  

Research on the Fires and Countermeasures in the Thirteen Hongs during the Qing Dynasty

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作  者:林燕 LIN Yan(School of Humanities,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510006,P.R.China)

机构地区:[1]广州大学人文学院历史系,广东广州510006

出  处:《保山学院学报》2024年第4期30-37,共8页JOURNAL OF BAOSHAN UNIVERSITY

摘  要:广州十三行商馆区人员密集、店铺林立、贮存货物多为毛织品的易燃物,在康熙二十五年(1686年)至咸丰六年(1856年)间,因秋冬气候干燥,加上煮食、战争等因素刺激,商馆区共计发生十次火灾。清前中期均为意外失火,清晚期多系人为纵火,商馆区亦不断加强火灾应对措施管理。防火应对措施有通过告示提高防火意识、加强防火检查、增加防火建设、设置火路、建立防火制度;救火应对措施有建立救火灭火处理机制、增加和引进西方救火设备、充实救火队伍管理;灾后应对措施有做好抚恤与蠲免工作、重建商馆区和设置火灾保险。火灾应对措施实质上反映的是差异性和矛盾性,即中西方对于火灾认识及城市现代化建设中观念的差异性,与在商馆区存放的是外国人货物而实施救火灭火的是中方人员的矛盾性。The Thirteen Hongs in Guangzhou were densely populated,with numerous shops and flam⁃mable woolen goods stored.From 1686 to 1856,due to the dry climate in autumn and winter,combined with factors such as cooking and war,a total of ten fires occurred.In the early and middle periods,there were all accidental fires,and in the late period,many were set on fire by people,and the commercial ar⁃ea also continuously strengthened the management of fire response measures.Fire prevention measures include raising awareness of fire prevention through notices,strengthening fire inspections,increasing fire prevention construction,setting up fire routes,and establishing fire prevention systems.Firefighting response measures include establishing a firefighting and extinguishing mechanism,increasing and in⁃troducing Western firefighting equipment,and enhancing the management of firefighting teams.The post disaster response measures include providing compensation and exemption,rebuilding commercial areas,and setting up fire insurance.The fire response measures essentially reflect differences and con⁃tradictions,namely the differences in fire awareness and concepts in urban modernization construction between the East and the West,and the contradictions between the Chinese personnel who carry out firefighting and extinguishing while storing foreign goods in commercial areas.

关 键 词:清代广州十三行 商馆区 火灾 防火救火建设 灾后应对措施 

分 类 号:X-0[环境科学与工程]

 

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