近场的分类及其与静态场的关系  

A CLASSIFICATION OF NEAR FIELD AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH STATIC FIELD

作　　者：许书侨 詹影 唐誉婷 韩德专 XU Shuqiao;ZHAN Ying;TANG Yuting;HAN Dezhuan(School of Physics,Chongqing University,Chongqing,Sichuan 401331;School of Physics,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210093)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学物理学院,重庆401331 [2]南京大学物理学院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《物理与工程》2024年第2期153-160,共8页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12074049)。

摘　　要：在局域源所产生的电磁场中,以波长为特征长度可以引入两个重要概念:近场和远场。准静态场是另一重要概念。回溯人类对电磁场的认识过程,从一开始分立的静态电/磁场,到麦克斯韦方程组所描述的完整的运动电磁场,经历了认识的飞跃。有限的时间频率是运动电磁场的重要特征量。本文以不同维度的辐射源为例,分析了其产生的近场和远场,区分了两种产生近场的机制,并阐述了近场和静态场的关系。最后,本文以介质平板中的法布里-珀罗共振和金属颗粒的表面等离激元共振为例,揭示了不同维度下近场对能量储存的贡献及其与不同维度微腔的品质因子巨大差异的直接关系。For the electromagnetic field generated by local sources,near and far fields are two key concepts which are introduced according to the characteristic wavelength.On the other hand,human understanding of electromagnetic fields has undergone a leap in understanding,from initially discrete static electric/magnetic fields to the complete moving electromagnetic fields described by Maxwell's equations.A finite temporal frequency is a significant characteristic quantity of dynamic field.This paper takes radiation sources of different dimensions as examples to analyze their near-field and far-field generation,distinguish the two mechanisms of near-field generation,and explain the relationship between near-field and static field.Finally,taking Fabry-Perot resonance in dielectric flat plates and surface plasmon resonance of metal particles as examples,the contribution of near-field energy storage in different dimensions and its direct relationship with the significant differences in quality factors of microcavities in different dimensions were revealed.

关 键 词：近场 静态场 品质因子 维度性 格林函数 

分 类 号：O441[理学—电磁学]