不同根构型大豆与甜玉米间作对作物生长与磷吸收的影响  

Effects of intercropping soybeans with different root architecture and sweet maize on crop growth and phosphorus uptake

作　　者：周慧颖 祝晓慧 谭婧琳 田纪辉 王天琪 张兵兵 陆星[1] 梁翠月 田江[1] ZHOU Huiying;ZHU Xiaohui;TAN Jinglin;TIAN Jihui;WANG Tianqi;ZHANG Bingbing;LU Xing;LIANG Cuiyue;TIAN Jiang(College of Natural Resources and Environment/Root Biology Center,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院/根系生物学研究中心,广东广州510642

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2024年第4期505-515,共11页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFF1000500)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究不同磷水平下不同根构型大豆与甜玉米间作对作物磷吸收与生长的影响,探究间作体系内根系形态、构型及根际土壤磷有效性等的关系。[方法]田间试验于2022年8月在广东省广州市增城区华南农业大学教学试验基地进行。以2个不同根构型的大豆品种‘本地2号’(深根型)和‘粤春03-3’(浅根型)为材料,采用裂区设计,主区为施磷(+P:大豆40 kg·hm^(-2)、甜玉米120 kg·hm^(-2))和不施磷(-P:大豆0 kg·hm^(-2)、甜玉米0kg·hm^(-2)) 2种施磷水平,副区为甜玉米单作、‘本地2号’‖甜玉米、‘粤春03-3’‖甜玉米、‘本地2号’单作和‘粤春03-3’单作5种种植模式。测定甜玉米和大豆的产量、生物量、磷吸收量以及根系形态和构型的相关指标,计算间作系统的土地当量比和种间竞争力。[结果]无论施磷还是不施磷条件下,间作大豆显著增加甜玉米产量,平均增产33.4%;不施磷条件下,间作大豆显著增加甜玉米生物量,平均增加62.7%。甜玉米和大豆间作具有间作优势,且受施磷水平影响;施磷条件下甜玉米与大豆间作的土地当量比为1.08,而不施磷条件下为1.21。种间竞争力分析表明,间作体系中,甜玉米竞争力显著强于大豆(种间竞争力>0),这种竞争优势在不施磷条件下更明显。此外,不施磷条件下间作深根型大豆‘本地2号’显著促进甜玉米磷吸收,平均增加40.6%。进一步分析发现,不施磷间作改变深根型大豆细根(直径≤0.5 mm)占比,同时诱导其根系拓宽,并显著提升甜玉米根际土壤有效磷含量。对间作体系内大豆和甜玉米性状的相关性分析发现,甜玉米的生物量与其总根长、大豆根宽和大豆根际土壤有效磷含量呈显著正相关;大豆的生物量与其磷吸收量、总根长、根宽以及根际土壤有效磷含量呈显著正相关,与其细根占比(直径≤0.5 mm)呈显著负相关。[结论]不施磷条件下,间作深根型�[Objective]To study the effects of intercropping soybeans with different root architecture and sweet maize on crop phosphorus(P)uptake and growth under different P levels,and explore the relationship among root morphology,root architecture,P availability in rhizospheric soil and so on within the intercropping system.[Method]Field experiments were conducted in August 2022 at the Teaching and Experimental Base of South China Agricultural University in Zengcheng District,Guangzhou City,Guangdong Province.Two different soybean cultivars,namely‘Bendi 2’(deep-rooted genotype)and‘Yuechun 03-3’(shallow-rooted genotype)were selected as experimental materials.The field experiment employed a split-plot design,with the main plots comprising two P application levels:With P(+P:40 kg·hm^(-2) for soybean,120 kg·hm^(-2) for sweet maize)and without P(-P:0 kg·hm^(-2) for both soybean and sweet maize).The subplots consisted of five different planting patterns as follows:Sweet maize monocropping,soybean‘Bendi 2’‖sweet maize,soybean‘Yuechun 03-3’‖sweet maize,soybean‘Bendi 2’monocropping and soybean‘Yuechun 03-3’monocropping.The yield,biomass,P uptake,root morphology and architecture of sweet maize and soybean were measured,and the land equivalent ratio(LER)and interspecific competitiveness of the intercropping system were calculated.[Result]Intercropping soybean significantly increased the yield of sweet maize by average of 33.4%under both P levels.Under-P condition,intercropping soybean significantly increased the biomass of sweet maize by average of 62.7%.Intercropping sweet maize and soybean exhibited advantages,influencing by P application levels.Under+P condition,the average LER for intercropped sweet maize and soybean was 1.08,while under-P condition,the average LER increased to 1.21.Interspecific competition analysis indicated that in the intercropping system,sweet maize showed significantly stronger competitiveness than soybean(interspecitic competitiveness>0).This competitive advantage was more

关 键 词：磷水平 间作 大豆 甜玉米 根构型 磷吸收 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S181[农业科学—农艺学]