建筑外墙砖饰面安全风险评估模型  

Safety Risk Assessment Model for Exterior Wall Tiles Facing of Buildings

作　　者：杨霞[1] YANG Xia(Shanghai Real Estate Research Institute,Shanghai200031,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市房地产科学研究院,上海200031

出　　处：《施工技术（中英文）》2024年第12期167-173,共7页Construction Technology

基　　金：上海市住房和城乡建设管理委员会科研项目(科研开发类)(沪建科2021-002-026);上海市住房和城乡建设管理委员会科研项目(科研开发类)(沪建科2021-002-042);上海市住房和城乡建设管理委员会科研项目(沪建科2023-Z01-001)。

摘　　要：建筑外墙砖脱落事故频发,不仅破坏了建筑外观,更是危及居民人身安全。然而砖饰面损坏因素复杂,目前缺少可量化的风险评估模型。基于影响显著、易获取、可量化原则,选取距离上一次全面维修的年限、裂缝数量和立面空鼓面积比,作为外墙砖饰面安全风险评估的量化指标。通过对74个项目进行统计分析,综合运用信息量权重法和专家打分法,确定距离上一次全面维修的年限、裂缝数量和立面空鼓面积比的权重分别为0.20,0.41,0.39。最后通过项目验证,根据提出的安全风险计算模型,当安全风险分值达到40分时,外墙砖饰面发生高坠的风险概率较大。Frequent accidents of tiles falling off the exterior walls not only damage the appearance of buildings,but also endanger the personal safety of residents.However,the factors of tiles facing damage are complex,and there is a lack of quantifiable risk assessment model.Based on the principles of significant impact,easy access and quantification,the years since the last comprehensive maintenance,the number of cracks and the ratio of hollow area on the facade are selected as quantitative indicators of exterior wall tiles facing safety risk assessment.By using the information weight method and the expert scoring method,74 projects are counted,the weights of the years since the last comprehensive maintenance,the number of cracks and the ratio of hollow area on the facade are 0.20,0.41 and 0.39 respectively.Finally,through project verification,according to the proposed safety risk calculation model,when the safety risk score reaches 40 points,the risk probability of the exterior wall tiles facing falling is high.

关 键 词：外墙砖饰面 脱落 评估 安全风险 信息量权重法 模型 

分 类 号：TU767[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]