基于单双音节对应名词内部类型的“韵律-语体-句法”对应性考察  

A study on the prosodic–register–syntax correspondence based on the internal types of nominal monosyllabic vs.disyllabic synonyms

作　　者：王永娜[1] WANG Yongna

机构地区：[1]烟台大学文学与新闻传播学院

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2024年第3期380-394,共15页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“吕叔湘韵律语法研究”(19YJA740058);国家社会科学基金项目“汉语单双音节对应词三维对立研究及数据库建设”(23BYY048)的资助。

摘　　要：汉语名词单双音节对应词至少存在20种语法对立。依据对立的异同,汉语名词单双音节对应词中的单音名词包括两个语法类型,双音名词包括四个语法类型。语体上,单音名词均属口语非正式语体,两类单音名词的口语非正式等级不同;音足调实的双音节名词均属书面正式语体,三类音足调实的双音节名词的正式等级不同;带轻声的双音名词属于口语非正式语体。句法上,CP结构中单音名词均居句法低阶,越口语位置越低;双音节名词越正式越高阶不受限制。DP结构中越正式越与低阶成分搭配,越口语越与高阶成分搭配自由。汉语单双音节对应名词呈现出音节单双、句法高低、语体正俗一一对应,是语体语法“拉距”机制的必然结果。There are at least 20 kinds of grammatical contrasts in nominal monosyllabic vs.disyllabic synonyms.According to the similarities and differences in grammatical contrasts,monosyllabic nouns have two grammatical types,while disyllabic nouns include four grammatical types.In stylistic-register,monosyllabic nouns belong to the informal language,and the two types show different degrees of informality.Disyllabic nouns with full tones belong to the formal language,which are of three grammatical types of varying degrees of formality,while disyllabic nouns with a light tone belong to the informal language.In syntax,monosyllabic nouns all occupy lower syntactic positions in the CP structure;the less formal,the lower the position.Conversely,the more formal a disyllabic noun is,the less restricted for it to occur in a higher position.In the DP structure,the more formal the noun is,the more likely it is combined with lower syntactic constituents;and the more informal it is,the more freely it is combined with higher syntactic constituents.The correspondence between syllable,stylistic-register and syntax is an inevitable result of the stylistic-register distance mechanism in grammar.

关 键 词：单双音节对应名词 语法类型 句法分布 语体属性 对应关系 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]