侗族大歌传承的意义及范式研究——以黎平县侗族大歌为例  

The Significance and Paradigm Study of the Inheritance of Kam Grand Choirs——Taking the Kam Grand Choirs in Liping County as an Example

作　　者：杨毅 冯慧敏 YANG Yi;FENG Hui-min(Guizhou Institute of Minority Education,Guizhou Education University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550018,China;Department of Basic Courses Teaching,Shandong Agriculture And Engineering University,Jinan,Shandong 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范学院贵州民族教育研究院,贵州贵阳550018 [2]山东农业工程学院基础课教学部,山东济南250100

出　　处：《贵州民族研究》2024年第3期114-120,共7页Guizhou Ethnic Studies

基　　金：2021年国家社会科学基金一般项目“侗族音乐传承人口述史研究”(项目编号:21BMZ083)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为人类非物质文化遗产,侗族大歌的展演舞台从侗寨鼓楼走向央视舞台,再步入维也纳金色大厅,以独特的民族多声部复调音乐闻名世界,为世人所称道,这是中国民族音乐史上的一个奇迹。当前,侗族大歌的传承危机日益凸显,主要表现为:大歌赖以依存的发展环境遭到严重破坏;大歌演唱的主体——歌手越来越少;大歌传承的载体——“歌班”组建困难;新的娱乐方式带来的严重冲击等方面。如何传承好侗族大歌,不但成为学界的重要研究课题,而且成为当地文化主管部门的一项重要任务。文章认为,侗族大歌的传承范式目前主要有非遗保护机构传承、歌班传承、家族传承、节日传承、融合传承五种。As an intangible cultural heritage of humanity,the Kam Grand Choirs was first performed in the Drum Tower of Gaeml village,later at the stage of China Central Television,and then in the Musikverein in Vienna.It is worldknown for its unique multi-voice polyphonic ethnic music,which is a miracle in the history of Chinese ethnic music.However,the Kam Grand Choirs is currently facing increasingly prominent crisis,which is mainly manifested in the following aspects:the development environment on which the the Kam Grand Choirs relies on has been seriously damaged,the decreasing number of singers,the difficulty in establishing choirs and the big shock brought by new entertainment.The inheritance of the Kam Grand Choirs has become an important research topic for the academic community,as well as an important task for local cultural authorities.The article believes that there are currently five main paradigms for inheriting the Kam Grand Choirs.The first one is inheritance through institutions protecting intangible cultural heritage,the second one is through choirs,the third one is by families,the fourth one is through festivals,and the fifth one is through integration.

关 键 词：侗族大歌 历史记忆 传承范式 文化意义 

分 类 号：J607[艺术—音乐]