四川马尔康市石达秋遗址出土动物骨骼的碳、氮稳定同位素分析  

Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope Analysis of Animal Bones from the Shidaqiu Site in Maerkang City, Sichuan

作　　者：杨月光 吴小红 杨弢[3] 陈剑 郑漫丽 杨颖亮 潘岩[2] Yang Yueguang;Wu Xiaohong;Yang Tao

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国考古学研究中心 [2]北京大学考古文博学院 [3]成都文物考古研究院 [4]成都金沙遗址博物馆

出　　处：《四川文物》2024年第3期105-113,共9页Sichuan Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“前丝绸之路青铜文化的年代研究”(项目编号:16ZDA144);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(项目编号:2023M730065)。

摘　　要：大渡河上游地区是研究南北文化交流的典型区域,石达秋遗址的发掘在一定程度上填补了本区发展序列的缺环,也为重建先民的生业经济提供了证据。围绕该遗址2007年出土的动物遗存开展相关研究,获得了碳十四年代数据和稳定同位素数据。结合测年结果与其他信息,宜将聚落年代定在汉晋时期。动物骨骼同位素数据表明,家猪主要摄食C3类食物,羊和牛的食物结构为C3、C4混合型且以C3类植物为主。根据食物结构的差异推测,家猪可能被圈养在聚落之中,黄牛和山羊以放牧为主并补饲少量C4食物。综合而言,遗址先民过着定居生活,主要通过种植麦类作物和饲养羊、牛、猪等家畜获得食物。这种生计策略建立在新石器晚期以来南北向文化交流的基础之上,秦汉以来进一步强化。Situated at the northern extremity of the Hengduan Mountains, the upper reaches of the Dadu River is a significant area for investigating the cultural exchange between the North and the South. The excavation of the Shidaqiu site bridges gaps and provides evidences for restoring the subsistence economy of the people. This study focuses on the animal remains unearthed in 2007, and reports the AMS~(14)C dating and Carbon and Nitrogen stable isotope data of this site. The scientific methods and other evidences all assign the settlement to the period between the Han Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty. Isotopic data from animal bones reveals that domestic pigs primarily consumed C_3 food, whereas the diet of sheep and cattle was a C_3/C_4 mix, predominantly C_3 plants. The dietary differences suggest that domestic pigs were possible pen-raised, while cattle and goats were primarily grazed with a minor supplementation of C_4 food. Overall, the site's inhabitants led a sedentary lifestyle, primarily procuring food through the cultivation of triticeae crops and the rearing of livestock such as goats, cattle, and pigs. This subsistence strategy should have been formed with the strengthened cultural exchanges between the North and the South in the late Neolithic period, and was further intensified during the Qin-Han period.

关 键 词：大渡河上游 石达秋遗址 碳十四测年 碳、氮稳定同位素 生业经济 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]