卫星在轨红外辐射特性地面模拟测量试验研究  

Experimental study on ground simulation measurement of infrared radiation characteristics of satellite in orbit

作　　者：李长亮 陶东兴 余汉晨 刘华华 尚永红[2] 朱肇昆 LI Changliang;TAO Dongxing;YU Hanchen;LIU Huahua;SHANG Yonghong;ZHU Zhaokun(Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology,Beijing 100094,China;Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;Equipment Evaluation Center of Equipment Department of Space Systems Department,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京跟踪与通信技术研究所,北京100094 [2]北京卫星环境工程研究所,北京100094 [3]航天系统部装备部装备审价中心,北京100094

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2024年第6期31-38,共8页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(62005002);北京市科技新星计划项目(Z211100002121077)。

摘　　要：准确、多谱段、多角度的卫星目标红外辐射特性数据对于识别卫星类型、功能、关键单机(如太阳翼、天线等)等特征以及监测卫星在轨工作状态具有重要意义。目前,受限于测量手段和标校水平,实测获得的红外特性数据一般只包含少数像元,缺乏卫星在轨高分辨率红外成像数据。利用卫星研制阶段开展真空热试验的机会,可以开展卫星在轨红外辐射特性数据地面模拟高质量测量。传统方式是将热像仪置于环境模拟容器外,经由安装于容器上的光学窗口测量容器内目标的红外特性。此时容器上的光学窗口会将容器外自然环境的红外背景和热像仪工作期间自身的红外辐射反射回热像仪,即光学窗口上会出现明显的环境背景及热像仪的“鬼影”。通过对红外热像仪进行真空低温环境适应性设计,将红外热像仪放置在环境模拟容器内进行测量,消除传统方式由于在环模容器外测量而在光学窗口表面引入的“鬼影”误差影响,大幅提高红外辐射特性数据的准确度。标定试验中,热像仪在真空低温环境下的温度测量误差小于±3℃,模拟测量试验表明,设计的卫星在轨红外辐射特性地面模拟测量试验方法可以获得清晰准确的星表红外特性数据,用于区分不同功能区域。Objective Accurate,multi-spectral and multi-angle infrared radiation characteristics data of satellite targets are of great significance for the identification of satellite types,functions,key instruments(such as solar wings,antennas,etc.)and the monitoring of satellite working status in orbit.At present,due to the limitation of measurement means and calibration level,the infrared characteristic data obtained by in-orbit measurement generally contains only a few pixels,and there is a lack of high-resolution infrared imaging data of satellites in orbit.Using the opportunity of vacuum thermal test in the satellite development stage,high quality infrared simulation characteristic data measurement of satellite in orbit could be implemented.The traditional method is to place the thermal imager outside the environmental simulation container and to measure the infrared characteristics of the target inside the container through an optical window mounted on the container.Meanwhile,the infrared background of the natural environment and the infrared radiation of the thermal imager will be reflected back to the thermal imager by the optical window.And there will be obvious"ghost shadow"of the natural environmental background and the thermal imager on the optical window.Through the vacuum low-temperature adaptive design,the infrared thermal imager can be placed in the environmental simulation container,and the influence of the optical window can be eliminated from the root,and the accuracy of the infrared radiation characteristics data can be greatly improved.Methods An oil removal process ensures the normal use of the infrared thermal imager under vacuum conditions better than 5×10−4 Pa.The active and passive thermal protection are carried out respectively through a thermal control system placed on the shell surface of the thermal imager and a specific shield designed for the thermal imager.Thus,the temperature control requirement of the thermal imager in the range of−10℃and 20℃is satisfied under the environmental c

关 键 词：卫星 目标特性 模拟测量 热试验 红外 

分 类 号：V416[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]