英汉双名合词的普遍性考察——二维语义论视域  

The Universality of Binominals in English and Chinese:A Two-Dimensional Semantic Perspective

作　　者：杜世洪[1] DU Shihong

机构地区：[1]西南大学外国语言学与外语教育研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《英语研究》2024年第1期105-116,共12页English Studies

摘　　要：双名合词的语义关系问题是近年来的研究热点。过去的研究在结构上对双名合词进行语法描写,得到的研究结果是把双名合词分为并列结构和偏正结构两大类。英汉两种语言都拥有这两类结构。然而,关于双名合词的语义关系的考察却局限在单维度的语义描写层面,而对语义关系的描述基本上是以例说例,未能就英汉两种语言双名合词的语义关系的普遍性进行系统性揭示。英汉双名合词的普遍性是什么呢?针对这一问题,本文以二维语义论为基础,就英汉两种语言中由自然种类词项构成的双名合词“N_(1)+N_(2)”进行考察,目的是揭示双名合词语义关系的普遍性。在二维语义论视域下,英汉双名合词都有弗雷格联系式合词、康德联系式合词和卡尔纳普联系式合词三大类。根据“N_(1)+N_(2)”中N_(1)和N_(2)各自开显的语义维度与性质,这三大类双名合词又可分为十二亚类。在这十二亚类中,英汉双名合词的普遍性聚焦在康德联系先验的必然性上;在弗雷格联系上,英汉双名合词属于经验的必然或偶然普遍性;而在卡尔纳普联系上,双名合词的英汉对应情况比较复杂。对双名合词的语义关系进行考察,充满了挑战,也具有认知意义。Binominals have become a hot topic recently,receiving attention from cognitive linguists and philosophers of language.The grammatical description of binominals in the past has only rendered the research with a dichotomy between exocentric constructions and endocentric constructions,which have been reasonably found both in English and Chinese.However,the semantic relation harbored in binominals has long been left unexamined thoroughly.What is the universality of binominals?Based on this problem,a two-dimensional semantic perspective is directed to the universality of binominals in English and Chinese.Particularly the present twodimensional semantic study is aimed at the binominals of natural kind terms.It has been found that the binominals in question have displayed the Frege's link,the Kant's link and the Carnapian link in terms of various semantic relations.The semantic universality of binominals in English and Chinese can be uncovered from the three links mentioned in accordance with the properties of a priori or empirical,necessary or contingent,and modals in possible world semantics.The investigation with regard to binominals is both significant and challengeable.

关 键 词：二维语义论 双名合词 弗雷格联系 康德联系 卡尔纳普联系 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语] H314