高水压高应力岩石声波传播频域特性试验研究  

Experimental study on acoustic propagation spectrum characteristics of rocks under high water pressure and high stress

作　　者：金解放[1] 黄方博 赵康艳 王宇 方立兴 JIN Jiefang;HUANG Fangbo;ZHAO Kangyan;WANG Yu;FANG Lixing(School of Civil and Surveying Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou,Jiangxi 341000,China;School of Resources and Environment Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou,Jiangxi 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学土木与测绘工程学院,江西赣州341000 [2]江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2024年第6期1316-1334,共19页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52174112);江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20232ACB204015)。

摘　　要：深部岩体工程处于高水压高地应力环境中,其损伤演化特性受赋存环境的影响;声波广泛用于表征岩石(体)损伤累积演化程度。为研究高水压高地应力下岩石的声波传播规律和衰减机制,基于自主研发的高水压高应力岩石声波测试系统,设置6个水压力和5个轴向静应力等级,分别模拟不同的地下水压力和地应力环境,对孔隙率差别较大的红砂岩和石灰岩开展声波传播试验。确定声波首波选取方法,将首波进行傅立叶变换,分析频谱曲线的变化特性;定义频域传输系数,分析频域传输系数、质心频率和品质因子的变化规律,探索波阻抗与品质因子的关系,构建岩石频域衰减的经验模型。研究结果表明,随水压力增大,红砂岩的声波频谱面积和频域传输系数先增加后减小,频域传输系数与水压力呈高斯函数关系;而石灰岩的2个参数先整体增大后缓慢变化。随轴向静应力增大,2种岩石的频域传输系数均先增加后减小。随水压力增大,红砂岩的质心频率呈线性下降,出现“频率漂移”现象,而石灰岩的先上升后缓慢发展;随轴向静应力增大,不同岩石声波质心频率先上升后下降。2种岩石品质因子随水压力先快速增加后减小,但减小程度具有差别,红砂岩品质因子减小显著,石灰岩减小较小。2种岩石处于压密阶段时品质因子增大,达到损伤阶段时品质因子减小。研究成果为探索深部高水压环境下岩石损伤演化声学研究方法奠定了理论基础。The deep rock mass is in the environment of high water pressure and high ground stress,and its damage evolution characteristics are affected by the occurrence environment.Acoustic wave is widely used to characterize the damage cumulative evolution degree of rocks.In order to study the rule and attenuation mechanism of acoustic wave propagation of rocks under high water pressure and high stress,based on a self-developed high water pressure and high stress rock acoustic wave testing system,6 water pressure and 5 axial static stress levels were set to simulate the deep engineering environment,and acoustic wave propagation tests were carried out on red sandstone and limestone with large porosity differences.The selection method of the head wave was determined and the head wave was analyzed by the Fourier transform.The frequency domain transmission coefficient was defined,and the variation rules of the transmission coefficient,the centroid frequency and the quality factor were analyzed.The relationship between the wave impedance and the quality factor was explored and the empirical models of rocks frequency-domain attenuation were built.The empirical models of rock frequency-domain attenuation were built.The results show that the acoustic spectrum area and transmission coefficient of red sandstone firstly increase and then decrease with the increase of the water pressure,and the water pressure and transmission coefficient have Gaussian function relationship.While the two parameters of limestone first increase then change slightly with the increase of the water pressure.The transmission coefficient of two kinds of rocks both increase first and then decrease with the increase of the axial static stress.With the increase of water pressure,the centroid frequency of red sandstone decreases linearlyand the“frequency drift”phenomenon appears,while that of limestone increases first and then decreases slowly.With the increase of axial static stress,the centroid frequency of different rocks first increase and then decrease.

关 键 词：岩石力学 深部高水压 岩石声波传播 频域传输系数 质心频率 品质因子 

分 类 号：TU45[建筑科学—岩土工程]