施氮量与移栽密度对小粒型杂交水稻产量形成的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Transplanting Density on Yield Formation of Small Seed Hybrid Rice

作　　者：吕宙 易秉怀 陈平平[1] 周文新[1] 唐文帮 易镇邪[1] LÜ Zhou;YI Binghuai;CHEN Pingping;ZHOU Wenxin;TANG Wenbang;YI Zhenxie(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;National State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice,Changsha 410125,China;Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128 [2]杂交水稻全国重点实验室,长沙410125 [3]湖南杂交水稻研究中心,长沙410125

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2024年第4期422-436,共15页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFD2301400);国家自然科学基金资助项目(U22A20502)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确小粒型杂交稻的产量形成特性。【方法】以卓两优0985(小粒型杂交稻)和丰两优4号(对照)为材料,在不同施氮量(0,N0;180 kg/hm^(2),N1;210 kg/hm^(2),N2)和密度(26.7 cm×20.0 cm,D1;20.0 cm×20.0 cm,D2;20.0 cm×16.7 cm,D3)条件下开展大田试验。【结果】两品种LAI、叶片SPAD值随施氮量增大而提高,N1与N2差异不显著,但显著高于N0处理;两品种茎鞘物质输出率随施氮量增大而下降,而叶片物质输出率表现相反;两品种产量随施氮量增加而提高,但N1与N2间差异不显著,不同密度处理下一般以D2处理较高;N0处理下卓两优0985产量显著高于对照品种,而施氮条件下两品种产量相当。【结论】卓两优0985产量形成特性为叶面积较小、穗粒数较多、库源比较大,灌浆中后期光合优势明显,花后物质积累量与茎叶物质转运率、经济系数较高,不施氮条件下具有较高产量等。本研究条件下,卓两优0985以N1D2(180 kg/hm^(2)、20 cm×20 cm)为最佳处理。【Objective】To elucidate the yield formation characteristics of small-seed hybrid rice【.Method】Zhuoliangyou 0985(small-seed hybrid rice variety)and Fengliangyou 4(control variety)were utilized as materials for a field experiment at varying nitrogen application rates(0,N0;180 kg/hm^(2),N1;210 kg/hm^(2),N2)and densities(26.7 cm×20.0 cm,D1;20.0 cm×20.0 cm,D2;20.0 cm×16.7 cm,D3)【Result】The leaf area index(LAI)and leaf SPAD values of the two varieties increased with nitrogen application rate,with no significant difference between N1 and N2,but significantly higher than N0 treatment.The dry matter output rate of stems and sheaths decreased with rising nitrogen application,while leaf matter output rate followed the opposite trend.Grain yield of both varieties increased with increasing nitrogen application,with no significant difference between N1 and N2.Among different density treatments,D2 generally yielded higher results.Under N0 treatment,Zhuoliangyou 0985 had significantly higher yield than the control variety,while under nitrogen application conditions,both varieties had equivalent yields.【Conclusion】The yield formation characteristics of Zhuoliangyou 0985 include smaller leaf area,more grains per panicle,larger sink-source ratio,noticeable photosynthetic advantages during mid to late grain filling stages,higher post-flowering substance accumulation and transport rate of stem and leaf substances,higher harvest index,and increased yield under nitrogen-deficient conditions.In the context of this experiment,N1D2(180 kg/hm^(2),20cm×20cm)emerged as the optimal treatment for Zhuoliangyou 0985.

关 键 词：小粒型杂交稻 氮密互作 产量形成 物质转运 源库特性 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]