俄语“存在”构式语义阐微  

Semantic Elucidations of the Russian Existential Construction

作　　者：彭玉海 于鑫[2] Peng Yuhai;Yu Xin

机构地区：[1]四川大学 [2]北京外国语大学

出　　处：《中国俄语教学》2024年第2期1-11,共11页Russian in China

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“俄语动词概念隐喻的文化认知研究”(19BYY209);天津市社科规划项目“语言教育符号文本的空间叙事性研究”(TJWW19-019)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：俄语存在句是一个“形—义”配对关系体,构成独特的存在语义构式。它在描写人和事物的存在方式时透过认知动觉范畴意识映现出鲜明的“存在性”意象图式,往往具有动态构式的语义特点。本文将首先对俄语存在构式的动态性能和语义特性进行分析,然后对存在构式语义实质加以揭示和阐释,最后分别对俄语动态存在构式的语义运作与语义实现展开讨论,藉此细致分析和探解俄语存在构式语义问题。本研究将使俄语相关存在句语言事实能够在更为开阔的理论视野下获得充分适切的解释,表明俄语存在构式是一个认知蕴义性和表释性有机融合的结构—语义整体,同时对于新描写主义视角下的动态语义分析、构式语义分析、认知语义分析、界面语义分析大有裨益。The Russian existential sentence is a “formmeaning pairs” relationship entity, which constitutes a unique existential construction. When describing the existence way of people and things, it maps a distinctive “existential” image schema through the cognitive kinesthetic category consciousness,and it often has the characteristics of dynamic construction.This article will first analyze dynamic properties and semantic features of the Russian existential construction, then reveal and interpret the semantic essence of the existential construction, and finally, separately discuss the semantic operation and semantic realization of the Russian dynamic existential construction, so as to conduct detailed analyses and elucidations of the semantic problems of the Russian existential construction. The research will enable the linguistic facts of Russian-related existential sentences to be fully and appropriately explained from a broader theoretical perspective, showing that the Russian existential construction is a structure-semantics whole that organically integrates cognitive significance and expressiveness. At the same time, it is of great benefit to dynamic semantic analysis,construction semantic analysis, cognitive semantic analysis and interface semantic analysis from the perspective of new descriptivism.

关 键 词：“存在”构式 语义实质 语义运作 语义实现 语义模式 语义阐微 

分 类 号：H35[语言文字—俄语]