资本下乡的经营策略与农业强国建设  

The Management Strategy of Capital Going to the Countryside and the Construction of An Agricultural Power

作　　者：赵晓峰 包智俊 赵祥云 ZHAO Xiaofeng;BAO Zhijun;ZHAO Xiangyun(College of Humanities&Social Development,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学人文社会发展学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期45-53,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(22ZDA101)。

摘　　要：我国的农业强国建设并不意味着要消灭小农户。在维护小农户利益的基础上,资本下乡与农业强国建设具有一定的适配性。研究发现,基于资本属性和投资目的的不同,下乡资本可划分为外来资本和本地资本,这两类资本在进入农业时存在着投机和投资两种动机,不同类型的资本和不同动机的资本相互匹配形成了农业现代化建设过程中资本下乡的四种理想类型,投资型资本衍生出生产规模化和服务规模化两种经营策略,对应着农业现代化的两种道路。要建设符合我国国情的农业强国,需要综合考虑农业、农村与农民问题,并将农业产业发展置于整个国民经济发展的视域中,建立起资本报酬有限与劳动报酬稳步增长的有机衔接机制、大中小不同类型规模经营主体协同发展机制、亩均土地产出率与人力资本效益相协调的发展机制和高收益农产品与大众消费品搭配合理的生产配置机制。在此基础上,分阶段稳步推进农业强国建设。The construction of an agricultural power in China does not necessarily mean the elimination of small farmers.On the basis of safeguarding the interests of small farmers,there is a certain degree of adaptability between capital going to rural areas and the construction of an agricultural power.Research has found that based on different capital attributes and investment purposes,rural capital can be divided into foreign capital and local capital.These two types of capital have two motives when entering agriculture:speculation and investment.Different types of capital and capital with different motives match each other to form four ideal types of capital going to rural areas in the process of agricultural modernization construction.Investment oriented capital derives two business strategies:production scale and service scale,corresponding to two paths of agricultural modernization.To build an agricultural power that is in line with China’s national conditions,it is necessary to comprehensively consider the issues of agriculture,rural areas,and farmers,and place the development of the agricultural industry in the perspective of the entire national economic development.It is necessary to establish an organic connection mechanism between limited capital returns and steady growth of labor returns,a collaborative development mechanism for different types of large-scale business entities,a development mechanism that coordinates the yield per unit area of land and the benefits of human capital,and a reasonable production allocation mechanism for the combination of high-yield agricultural products and consumer goods.On this basis,steadily advancing the construction of an agricultural power in stages can provide support for achieving a socialist modernized power.

关 键 词：资本下乡 农业强国 家庭经营 生产规模化 服务规模化 

分 类 号：F323.9[经济管理—产业经济]