数字素养与农户收入差距:加剧还是缓解?——基于中西部地区的微观证据  

Digital Literacy and the Income Gap Among Farmers:Exacerbation or Alleviation?——Based on Micro-evidence From the Central and Western Regions

作　　者：刘渊博 温涛[1,2] LIU Yuanbo;WEN Tao(College of Economics and Management,Southwest University;Belt and Road Research Institute,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学经济管理学院 [2]西南大学“一带一路”研究院,重庆400715

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期91-101,共11页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(21ZDA062);国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AZD080)。

摘　　要：数字经济时代,数字贫困问题对农户收入差距的影响引发新的关注。基于2021年中国农村经济与农村金融数据,采用再中心化响应函数(RIF)回归方法探究数字素养对农户收入差距的影响。研究发现:(1)数字素养显著扩大了农户收入差距,并具备明显的马太效应,高数字素养能够攫取更多数字红利,而低数字素养更容易陷入“数字贫困”状态,无法发挥出数字经济的增收效应。(2)应用数字素养会显著加剧农户收入差距,而通用数字素养对农户收入差距的影响并不显著。这种情况也得以印证,现阶段数字“接入鸿沟”已经得以解决,数字“应用鸿沟”差距逐渐凸显。(3)数字素养能够缩小农户财产性收入差距,但会显著扩大工资性收入差距与非农经营性收入差距。脱贫地区受到数字素养的马太效应更强,农户收入差距明显加剧。研究结论证实了我国农村内部存在明显的数字鸿沟,同时数字贫困问题加剧了农户收入差距。新发展阶段我国数字乡村战略的推进不仅要注重农村低收入群体以及弱势群体数字素养的培育,更要加快构建农村数字经济的包容性发展路径,助力农民农村共同富裕的实现。In the era of the digital economy,the impact of digital poverty on income inequality among farmers has attracted new attention.This article,based on 2021 data on China’s rural economy and rural finance,employs the Recentered Influence Function(RIF)regression method to explore the influence of digital literacy on income inequality among farmers.The study reveals:(1)Digital literacy significantly widens the income gap among farmers,exhibiting a pronounced Matthew effect.High digital literacy enables the capture of more digital dividends,while low digital literacy results in being trapped in a‘digital poverty’state,unable to harness the income-boosting effects of the digital economy.(2)The application of digital literacy significantly exacerbates income inequality among farmers,while the impact of general digital literacy on income inequality is not significant.This situation also confirms that the current stage of addressing the‘digital access gap’has been resolved,but the gap in the‘digital application’is gradually becoming more apparent.(3)Digital literacy can narrow the gap in farmers’property income but significantly widens the gaps in wage income and non-farm business income.It is noteworthy that in poverty-stricken areas,the Matthew effect of digital literacy is stronger,leading to a significant exacerbation of income inequality among farmers.The above research findings confirm the existence of a significant digital divide within rural China,and the problem of digital poverty exacerbates income inequality among farmers.Therefore,the article suggests that in the new development stage,the promotion of China’s rural digital strategy should not only focus on cultivating digital literacy among low-income and vulnerable groups in rural areas but also accelerate the construction of an inclusive development path for rural digital economy,thereby assisting in achieving common prosperity for farmers and rural areas.

关 键 词：数字素养 数字贫困 收入差距 RIF回归 异质性分析 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]