儿童青少年大脑发育及脑图谱研究综述  

Review of brain development and brain atlases in children and adolescents

作　　者：李雯 樊令仲[1] 宋明[1] 张瑜 罗娜 程禄祺 蒋田仔[1] Li Wen;Fan Lingzhong;Song Ming;Zhang Yu;Luo Na;Cheng Luqi;Jiang Tianzi(Institute of Automation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自动化研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《中国图象图形学报》2024年第6期1555-1574,共20页Journal of Image and Graphics

基　　金：科技创新2030——“脑科学与类脑研究”重大项目(2021ZD0200201);四川省科技计划项目(2022YFSY0014)。

摘　　要：大脑发育是神经系统结构和功能分化及成熟的一系列动态过程。大脑结构的发育包括部分脑区白质体积和完整性的增加,以及灰质体积的下降等;而这些结构的改变往往伴随着认知功能的变化,如智商、工作记忆和问题解决能力的提高以及社会认知的改善等。越来越多的发育研究为儿童青少年的教育干预提供了参考信息,帮助学校和家庭引导其从拥有冲动冒险心理状态的少年儿童阶段平稳过渡到心智更为成熟的成人阶段。脑图谱作为研究脑结构、脑功能及脑疾病的重要手段,是研究者对大脑进行解析的有力工具,在大脑发育研究中发挥着不可缺少的作用。本文立足于发育脑图谱,从3方面对儿童青少年大脑发育及脑图谱研究进展进行综述。首先,介绍儿童青少年发育阶段大脑特征的转变,以此来强调关注儿童青少年阶段大脑健康发育的重要性;其次,介绍现有的包括数据预处理步骤在内的发育图谱绘制的方法和手段;最后,对儿童和青少年图谱的研究进展进行描述,并分析当前研究对理解儿童青少年发育所做出的贡献以及它们的不足之处。对发育中的大脑进行研究,有利于增强对正常发育过程的了解,以针对性地对失衡的发育过程进行早期干预;通过对现有技术手段优缺点的总结,促进相关领域研究者开发更多以研究儿童青少年为导向的数据处理工具;综述具有精细划分的基于特定年龄儿童的大脑发育图谱,为未来的发育研究提供了强有力的研究工具的参考。这一综述有助于促进跨学科研究,推动儿童和青少年大脑发育领域的进展,从而为青少年的教育、健康和神经疾病研究提供更好的指导。The process of brain development in children and adolescents involves various complex,dynamic,and adaptiveprocesses that drive the differentiation and maturation of neural system structures and functions.Changes in brain struc⁃tures include an increase in white matter volume and integrity in various brain regions,which are accompanied by adecrease in gray matter volume.These structural changes often coincide with alterations in cognitive functions,such asimproved intelligence,working memory,problem-solving abilities,and enhanced social cognition.However,the highplasticity of brain structure and function during childhood and adolescence not only facilitates the refinement of brain func⁃tion but also introduces vulnerabilities to developmental disruptions.Investigating the developing brain is crucial toenhance our understanding of normal developmental processes and allow for targeted early interventions in cases of develop⁃mental imbalances.Brain atlas,as an important tool for studying brain structure,function,and diseases,is a powerful toolfor researchers to analyze the brain and plays an indispensable role in brain development research.Brain atlases consist ofone or multiple brain images with different types of delineated boundaries.In general,these boundaries are partitionedbased on existing knowledge of brain anatomy,pathology,or functional characteristics.Their fundamental value lies in pro⁃viding a priori knowledge about brain anatomy and function.The continuous maturation of brain structure and various cogni⁃tive functions during the development stages of children and adolescents leads to differences in the regionalization patternsbetween children and adults.During early life,some subregions that are clearly delineated in the adult brain remain undif⁃ferentiated in the brains of children.These areas await developmental cues from external stimuli to gradually form more dis⁃tinct boundaries.Clearly,using atlases derived from adults is inappropriate in studies involving children.Inappropriatebrain

关 键 词：儿童青少年 发育 大脑图谱 大脑模板 磁共振成像(MRI) 发育数据集 预处理 

分 类 号：TP399[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]