社会主义思潮对近代东方民族主义思想的影响——以梁启超与苏丹-加里耶夫的“民族阶级”论为例  

The Influence of Socialist Thought on Modern Oriental Nationalism——A Case Study of Liang Qichao and Sultan Galiev's Theory of"National Class"

作　　者：周思成 ZHOU Si-cheng(Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院历史系

出　　处：《中华民族共同体研究》2024年第2期32-46,M0004,M0005,共17页Journal of the Chinese Nation Studies

基　　金：2023年度国家民委民族研究项目(重点项目)“马克思主义阶级理论对近代中华民族共同体思想形成的影响”(2023-MGA-004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“民族阶级”论是以阶级革命为先声的社会主义思潮在东方本地民族主义中引发的早期回应。这种观念将某一民族共同体整体视为被压迫阶级或无产阶级,试图以民族认同重新界定“阶级”范畴,从而将阶级话语转化为民族话语。梁启超的“四万万劳动阶级”论和苏丹-加里耶夫的“无产阶级民族”论是“民族阶级”论的典型形态。“民族阶级”论是不同国家和地域的民族面临反抗外来压迫(帝国主义和殖民主义)的共同历史情境的产物,在他们探索社会主义的普遍性与民族特殊性相结合的历史进程中具有重要的思想史意义,也体现了民族共同体意识形成的历史过程中马克思主义的重要影响。The theory of"national class" was an early response within indigenous Eastern nationalism to the socialist trend that prioritized class revolution.This concept viewed an entire ethnic community as an oppressed class or proletariat,attempting to redefine the category of"class"through national identity,thus transforming class discourse into national discourse.Liang Qichao's theory of the"four hundred million laboring class"and Sultan Galiev's theory of the"proletarian nation"are typical forms of the theory of"national class."The theory of"national class"emerged from the common historical context faced by different nations in resisting external oppression(imperialism and colonialism).It holds significant intellectual historical significance in their exploration of the combination of the universality of socialism and the particularity of nationality.It also reflects the important influence of Marxism in the historical process of forming national community consciousness.

关 键 词：梁启超 苏丹-加里耶夫 民族理论 阶级论 民族主义 

分 类 号：K14[历史地理—历史学] D091.5[历史地理—世界史]