内蒙古呼伦贝尔林区动态融雪过程及其影响因子  

Dynamic snowmelt process and its influencing factors in Hulun Buir forest region,Inner Mongolia

作　　者：黄坤琳 徐维新 王海梅[2] 扎西央宗 李利东 李航 司荆柯 李自翔 HUANG Kunlin;XU Weixin;WANG Haimei;Zhaxi Yangzong;LI Lidong;LI Hang;SI Jingke;LI Zixiang(College of Resources and Environment,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,China;Inner Mongolia Ecological and Agricultural Meteorological Center,Hohhot 010051,China;Tibet Climate Center,Lhasa 850001,China)

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程大学资源环境学院,四川成都610225 [2]内蒙古自治区生态与农业气象中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [3]西藏自治区气候中心,西藏拉萨850001

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2024年第3期832-849,共18页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0019);西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202102YD0012C);青海省科技计划项目(2023-ZJ-733);四川省科技计划项目(2022YFS0490);国家自然科学基金项目(41971328)资助。

摘　　要：春季融雪过程不仅能反映地域的物候特征,也是陆面过程与水文研究领域的关注重点。林地冠层及枝干遮盖是否影响到地表积雪的维持与消融,是一个值得关注的方面。近年来,小时级野外雪深自动观测站网的陆续组建与运行,为日尺度融雪动态过程及其空间差异性认识提供了条件。本文利用布设于内蒙古呼伦贝尔森林地带的5个野外雪深自动观测站,基于2021—2022年逐小时雪深与同步气温、地温等气象观测数据,分析了呼伦贝尔林区地表积雪的动态融雪规律及其主导因子。结果表明,呼伦贝尔林区冬季积雪可稳定维持约102~155天,大致在每年3月上旬进入融雪期。融雪过程一般约持续5~18天,并可区分为持续融雪与快速融雪两个阶段。当积雪深度<3 cm时,地面积雪覆盖进入迅速融化阶段,若当日10:00—20:00平均气温>0℃,林地积雪将在36小时内完全消融。融雪日变化呈现先平后急又缓的特征,最大融雪量出现在10:00—15:00,与草地相比出现时段明显推迟。热量条件是呼伦贝尔林区积雪消融的主要影响因素,以积雪为因变量研究时发现,14:00时0 cm地温是影响积雪消融过程与速率的主导因子。Snow plays a critical role in surface radiation,energy,and water cycles and is often used as an impor-tant indicator for global change assessment and monitoring.In northern pastoral areas of China,the winter snow depth and snow cover are extensive,with prolonged snow layer maintenance.Excessive snowfall can have disas-trous impacts on livestock production,while the meltwater from snow contributes to the improvement of the eco-logical and hydrological conditions.On the other hand,the speed of snowmelt is a crucial indicator for assessing the occurrence of snowmelt-induced floods.Therefore,snow accumulation and its melting process,along with the influencing factors,are not only focal points for various industries related to ecological and socioeconomic development,but they also have direct implications for disaster prevention and pattern recognition.Since 2020,meteorological departments in Inner Mongolia have successively established and applied a batch of field automat-ic snow depth observation instruments,enabling the continuous hourly observation of snow depth at multiple for-est land stations.This provides a valuable opportunity for analyzing the dynamic changes of snowmelt in forest land.Based on the hourly data from field automatic snow depth observation stations in Hulun Buir forest region of Inner Mongolia,this study,through the analysis of multiple locations and multiple snowmelt processes,as well as the results of regional common feature analysis,explores high-frequency dynamic snowmelt processes and their influencing factors.This research serves as a direct basis for a more accurate understanding of the dy-namic patterns of snowmelt in northern forest land and dynamic predictions.The results indicate:(1)Winter snow in Hulun Buir forest region can persist for about 102 to 155 days,generally entering the melting period in early March.The snowmelt process typically lasts for 5 to 18 days and can be divided into continuous and rapid melting stages.(2)When the snow depth is less than 3 cm,the ground snow cove

关 键 词：积雪 动态融雪 气象因子 林地 呼伦贝尔 

分 类 号：P468.025[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]