上海市浦东地区PM_(2.5)中二噁英类化合物时空分布特征与人群健康评估  

Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in PM_(2.5)in Pudong of Shanghai and population health assessment

作　　者：毛婉莲 贾丽娟[1] 沈晓瑜 陈晓倩[1] 朱昱鑫 杨品川 邓芸芸[1] MAO Wanlian;JIA Li-juan;SHEN Xiaoyu;CHEN Xiaoqian;ZHU Yuxin;YANG Pinchuan;DENG Yunyun(Shanghai Academy of Public Measurement,Shanghai 201203,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市检测中心,上海201203

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2024年第5期482-488,共7页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：浦东新区科技发展基金资助项目(PKJ2021-C03)。

摘　　要：[背景]全球疾病负担研究中发现大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))污染对人体健康造成显著的危害。目前对PM_(2.5)中具有高毒性效应的二噁英类化合物(PCDD/Fs)的研究较少。[目的]通过研究上海浦东地区PM_(2.5)中PCDD/Fs时空分布和变化特征,以评估人群健康风险。本研究在浦东地区设置28个采样点,于2022年冬季(2月)和夏季(7月)各点位各采集1个PM_(2.5)样品,采样时长为24 h。通过滤膜法测定PM_(2.5)质量浓度(后称浓度),以同位素稀释法确定样品中17种2,3,7,8-氯取代的PCDD/Fs含量。比较冬季和夏季PM_(2.5)及PCDD/Fs的浓度变化,运用主成分分析对PCDD/Fs的污染源进行溯源,并通过VLIER-HUMAAN模型评估经呼吸暴露PCDD/Fs致人群健康的风险。[结果]浦东地区28个PM_(2.5)样品中,PM_(2.5)的浓度范围为10~126μg·m^(-3);PM_(2.5)中PCDD/Fs的浓度范围为58~2625fg·m^(-3)。冬季PM_(2.5)浓度(11~126μg·m^(-3))高于夏季PM_(2.5)浓度(10~60μg·m^(-3))。冬季PM_(2.5)中PCDD/Fs浓度范围为58~2625 fg·m^(-3),选择世界卫生组织毒性当量因子,对应的毒性当量(WHO-TEQ)浓度范围为2.99~40.97fg·m^(-3);夏季PCDD/Fs浓度范围为72~446fg·m^(-3),对应的WHO-TEQ浓度范围为2.66~16.61 fg·m^(-3),夏季PM_(2.5)中PCDD/Fs明显低于冬季。主成分分析结果显示,冬季浦东地区PM_(2.5)中PCDD/Fs主要受到垃圾焚烧源的影响,而夏季的污染来源主要是交通源。对居民的呼吸暴露量评估发现,冬夏季儿童暴露量明显高于成人,表明儿童更易受空气污染物的影响。成人和儿童的非致癌风险指数(HR)都小于1,而致癌风险指数(CR)在8.41×10^(-8)~2.35×10^(-6)之间。在冬季,4个点位的CR略高于1×10^(-6),存在潜在的致癌风险。[结论]浦东地区PM_(2.5)中PCDD/Fs的污染水平整体较低,但呈现明显的季节性特征。垃圾焚烧和交通源为浦东地区PM_(2.5)中PCDD/Fs主要污染源。虽然PM_(2.5)中PCDD/Fs对儿童和成人的致癌风险较低,但冬季�[Background]In the Global Burden of Disease research,it has been found that atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))pollution significantly harms human health.Currently,there is limited research on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs)that exhibit high toxicity effects in PM_(2.5).[Objective]By studying the spatiotemporal distribution and variation characteristics of PCDD/Fs in PM_(2.5) in Pudong area of Shanghai,to assess the associated population health risk.[Methods]This study set up 28 sampling points in Pudong area.One sample of PM_(2.5) was collected during winter(February 2022)and summer(July 2022)at each site,with a sampling period lasting 24 h.The concentration of PM_(2.5) was measured by membrane filter method,and the content of 17 kinds of 2,3,7,8-substituted chlorinated PCDD/Fs in the samples was analyzed using isotope dilution.Seasonal variations(winter and summer)in the concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PCDD/Fs were evaluated,sources of PCDD/Fs pollution were tracing by principal component analysis,and health risks to the population from respiratory exposure to PCDD/Fs were estimated by VLIER-HUMAAN model.[Results]The PM_(2.5) concentrations in the 28 samples ranged from 10 to 126μg·m^(-3),while the concentrations of PCDD/Fs in PM_(2.5) ranged from 58 to 2625 fg·m^(-3).The concentration of PM_(2.5) during winter(11-126μg·m^(-3))was higher than that during summer(10-60μg·m^(-3)).The concentration range of PCDD/Fs in winter was from 58 to 2625 fg·m^(-3),which corresponded to a range of toxic equivalent quantity(WHO-TEQ)concentration from 2.99 to 40.97 fg·m^(-3) when taking World Health Organization's toxic equivalency factor(WHO-TEQ);the concentration range of PCDD/Fs in summer was from 72 to 446 fg·m^(-3),which corresponded to a range of WHO-TEQ concentration from 2.66 to 16.61 fg·m^(-3).This range in summer was significantly lower than that observed in winter.The results of principal component analysis revealed that waste incineration was the primary source of PCD

关 键 词：浦东 二噁英类化合物 暴露风险 健康风险 细颗粒物 来源分析 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]