“八音”考释——兼论中国古代乐器中的舞台美术  

An Examination of the“Eight Sounds”and the Stage Art of Ancient Chinese Musical Instruments

作　　者：贤骥清[1] XIAN Jiqing

机构地区：[1]上海戏剧学院舞台美术系

出　　处：《戏剧艺术》2024年第3期191-202,共12页Theatre Arts

基　　金：2023年上海戏剧学院科研项目扶持计划“中国古代舞台研究”(STA23ZD02)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在中国古代礼乐中,歌、舞、音、声、乐内涵不同。“歌”是咏唱之言;“舞”是跳耍之姿;“音”是节奏之声;“声”是振动之响;“乐”是歌、舞、音、声的综合。“五声八音”谓之音乐,金、石、土、革、丝、竹、匏、木总称“八音”,亦可代指乐器。据中日朝六种图书记载,“八音”在造型、设色、图纹、装饰、工艺美化等方面已关注了视觉元素和观演需求,具有了舞台美术的特征。换言之,中国古代乐器中蕴涵着舞台美术元素,具有“构造演出空间”“提供表演支点”“装饰美化舞台”“营造场景景观”的舞台美术功能。In ancient Chinese ritual music,the elements of song,dance,sound,“Sheng”,and music differ in their connotations.“Song”refers to sung words,“dance”embodies physical movements,“sound”represents rhythm,“Sheng”involves vibrations,and music integrates song,dance,sound and“Sheng”.The term“Five Sheng and Eight Sounds”encompasses music,while the materials gold,stone,earth,leather,silk,bamboo,gourd,and wood are collectively referred to as the“Eight Sounds”,which can also denote musical instruments.According to records in six books from China,Japan,and Korea,the“Eight Sounds”have been depicted with attention to visual elements,color schemes,patterns,decorations,and artistic craftsmanship,meeting the visual and performance demands,thus possessing characteristics of stage art.In other words,ancient Chinese musical instruments contain elements of stage art and contribute to the construction of performance spaces,serving functions such as providing performance support,embellishing the stage,and creating scenes.

关 键 词：八音 礼乐 中国古乐器 舞台美术 

分 类 号：J80[艺术—戏剧戏曲]