英国适老化改造的政策路径与经验思考——基于“个人—环境匹配”理论视角  

Learning from Policy Pathway and Practical Experience of Housing Adaptations for Healthy Ageing in the UK:A Theoretical Perspective of aPerson-Environment Fito

作　　者：周五四 江苾雅 戴卫东[3] Zhou Wusi;Jiang Biya;Dai Weidong

机构地区：[1]复旦大学老龄研究院 [2]杭州师范大学公共管理学院 [3]浙江财经大学

出　　处：《国际城市规划》2024年第3期91-97,125,共8页Urban Planning International

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(23BRK024);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2021M700796);浙江省浙学社会科学领军人才培育专项课题(23YJRC1ZD-2YB)。

摘　　要：适老化改造是夯实居家养老基础地位的重要抓手。考虑到老年人日益弱化的行为能力,居住环境需在“个人—环境匹配”理论指导下不断改善,以确保个人能力与环境压力的动态平衡,从而实现居家养老。英国适老化改造历经几十年的实践与演进,已形成一套完整的服务体系和运作机制,其中以老年人能力与环境要求匹配统一为基础的福利制度和操作程序是适老化改造成功推进的关键。因此,本文从“个人—环境匹配”理论出发,梳理英国适老化改造的制度发展、行动策略和实践操作等,总结其在理念基础、制度支撑、运行保障、持续动力等方面的特点与经验,提出我国居家适老化改造的创新发展需要强化以老年人的需求为导向,深化改造服务的顶层设计和具体实施,提升改造操作路径的整体性与规范性,并进一步优化共建共融共通的服务方式。Housing adaptation plays a fundamental role in promoting ageing in place.Given a gradual decrease in physical capacity among older people,it is necessary to adapt their living environment and help them remain at home based on the“Person-Environment Fit”theory.In the UK,after years of practices for improvement,there have been a service system for the provision of housing adaptation.It shows the importance of the service process that was built upon the“Person-Environment Fit”theory for the delivery of housing adaptations.Therefore,based on the“Person-Environment Fit”theory,this paper aims to introduce the adaptation system in the UK,including its policies,action strategies and service process,summarize the successful experiences and achievements,to provide suggestions for the improvement of the adaptation system in China.For an effective and efficient delivery of housing adaptations,it is crucial to have a clear vision of the need,a sound legal system specific process stages,and a close partnership work.

关 键 词：居家养老 适老化改造 老年宜居环境 个体能力 环境因素 健康老龄化 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]