基于适宜性和生态网络的沿海滩涂农渔业利用空间优化  

Spatial optimization of agricultural and fishery utilization in coastal tidal flats based on suitability and ecological network

作　　者：张雨寒 王紫阳 吴晓青[2,3] 崔步礼 ZHANG Yuhan;WANG Ziyang;WU Xiaoqing;CUI Buli(School of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Ludong University,Yantai 264025,China;Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai 264003,China;Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai 264003,China)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学资源与环境工程学院,山东烟台264025 [2]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,山东烟台264003 [3]中国科学院烟台海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室,山东烟台264003

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2024年第4期794-806,共13页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900705)。

摘　　要：对沿海滩涂区域农渔业国土利用空间进行布局优化,是推进我国“蓝色粮仓”建设和促进滩涂资源可持续利用的重要途径。本研究以黄河三角洲南部滩涂围垦地区为例,基于遥感和GIS技术揭示了研究区1995—2020年滩涂主要农业种植和海水养殖等农渔业空间利用格局演变特征,并将生态适宜性评价、生态网络构建与土地利用变化模型相结合,模拟预测2035年不同发展情景下滩涂农渔业主要土地利用变化格局,并提出空间布局优化调整建议。结果表明:研究期间滩涂农业种植与海水养殖利用总面积呈现先增后减的趋势,由1995年的924.62 km^(2)增长至2004年的1224.96 km^(2),2004年后规模开始缩减,2020年缩减至1129.38 km^(2);水田和养殖池塘空间分布格局变化较为明显,旱地空间聚集度增加,海域开放式养殖向远离海岸方向逐渐扩张,滩涂区域主要农渔业利用空间分布呈现明显的陆海梯度分异特征;滩涂农业种植和海水养殖现状分布的生态适宜性较好,但是农业种植未来增长空间受限,滩涂池塘养殖和开放式养殖仍有一定空间发展潜力。严格的湿地生态保护措施限制了滩涂农渔业利用空间的增长;在遵循生态保护优先的前提下,农渔业发展情景下滩涂农业种植与海水养殖土地利用规模会有明显增加,但需要重点关注未利用土地的合理开发、滩涂陆海生态连通性的提升和高效生态种养模式的应用推广。研究结果可以为黄河三角洲滩涂农垦区农渔业高质量发展提供决策支持。Optimizing the layout of agricultural and fishery land utilization space in coastal tidal flats is an essential step in promoting the construction of“Blue Granary”and the sustainable utilization of tidal flat resources.Based on remote sensing and GIS technology,this study revealed the evolution characteristics of agricultural and fishery spatial utilization pattern in the tidal flat reclamation area in the southern Yellow River Delta from 1995 to 2020,as well as combined ecological suitability assessment,ecological network construction,and land use change model.The main land use change pattern of tidal flat agriculture and fishery under different development scenarios in 2035 was predicted by simulation and suggestions for spatial layout optimization and adjustment were proposed.The results showed that:during the study period,the total area of agricultural planting and mariculture utilization of tidal flats increased first and then decreased,which grew from 924.62 km^(2) in 1995 to 1224.96 km^(2) in 2004,with the scale beginning to decrease after 2004,and dedined to 1129.38 km^(2) in 2020.The spatial distribution pattern of paddy field and aquaculture pond changed noticeably,as did the spatial aggregation of dry land,the open aquaculture in the sea area gradually expanded away from the coast,and the spatial distribution of main agricultural and fishery utilization in the tidal flat area demonstrated clear land-sea gradient differentiation.The current distribution of agricultural planting and mariculture is ecologically suitable,however,the future growth space of agricultural planting is limited,and the development potentials of beach pond aquaculture and open aquaculture remain certain.Strict environmental protection measures for wetlands limit the expansion of agricultural planting and mariculture utilization space.The land use scale of beach agricultural planting and mariculture will increase significantly under the development scenario of agriculture and fishery,however,attention must be paid to the ration

关 键 词：滩涂 黄河三角洲 布局优化 PLUS模型 生态适宜性 

分 类 号：TU984.115[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] F327[经济管理—产业经济]