新中国成立以来中国种业制度体系的历史演进和路径优化——基于制度经济学的视角  

The historical evolution and path optimization of China's seed industry system since the founding of the People's Republic of China——Based on the perspective of institutional economics

作　　者：王丽媛 马佳[1] 马莹[1] 王雨蓉 WANG Liyuan;MA Jia;MA Ying;WANG Yurong(Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Information,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院农业科技信息研究所,上海201403

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2024年第3期108-115,共8页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市农村商业银行专项基金(JS0190922149);上海市科学技术委员会软科学重点项目(21692108800)。

摘　　要：种业制度体系建设事关国家粮食安全,是中国“三农”问题的重中之重。本文运用奥斯特罗姆的多层次制度分析框架,立足国际背景研究中国种业制度的历史演进和发展趋势,为完善中国种业制度体系建设和加快实施种业振兴战略提供依据。研究表明:从20世纪50年代至今,中国种业制度体系经历了“从无到有”“从计划到市场”“从单一主体到多元主体”的历史演进过程。一方面,宪政选择层面的制度奠定了种业制度的实践基础,体现在推动种质资源保护、科技成果转化和种业企业培育等方面;另一方面,集体选择层面的种业地方实践及操作规则层面的种业企业的发展需求促进了宪政选择层面进一步完善。中国种业制度体系建设方向要在宪政选择层面上健全种业相关法律法规体系,在集体选择层面上深化种业产业化制度改革,在操作规则层面上加强对种业企业的金融服务,进而提升中国种业创新能力和国家粮食安全保障能力。The construction of the seed industry system is related to national food security,and is of paramount importance to China’s agriculture,rural area,and farmers issues.Based on the international background,this paper used Ostrom’s multi-level institutional analysis framework to explore the historical evolution and development trend of China’s seed industry system,providing a basis for improving the construction of China’s seed industry system and accelerating the implementation of the seed industry revitalization strategy.The study showed that,from the 1950s to the present,China’s seed industry system had experienced the historical evolution process of“growing out of nothing”,“from planning to market”,and“from single subject to multiple subjects”.On the one hand,the system at the level of constitutional choice had laid a practical foundation for the seed industry system,which was reflected in promoting the protection of germplasm resources,the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and the cultivation of seed enterprise;on the other hand,the local practice and operation of the seed industry at the level of collective choice and the development needs of seed enterprises at the level of operational rules promoted further improvements at the level of constitutional choice.The construction direction of China’s seed industry system should improve the legal and regulatory system related to the seed industry at the level of constitutional choice,deepen the reform of the seed industry industrialization system at the level of collective choice,and strengthen the financial services for seed enterprises at the level of operation,so as to enhance China’s seed industry innovation ability and national food security guarantee ability.

关 键 词：种业振兴 粮食安全 制度体系 历史演进 路径优化 

分 类 号：F307[经济管理—产业经济]