面向地月空间开发的频率轨道国际规则与申报使用态势  

International rules and utilization status of frequency and orbitresources for cislunar space exploration

作　　者：孙茜[1,2] 刘慧梁 王冀莲 SUN Qian;LIU Huiliang;WANG Jilian(Institute of Telecommunication and Navigation Satellites,China Academy of SpaceTechnology,Beijing 100094,China;Innovation Center of Satellite Communication System,China National SpaceAdministration,Beijing 100094,China;China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100094,China;Space Policy and Law Research Center,China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国空间技术研究院通信与导航卫星总体部,北京100094 [2]国家航天局卫星通信系统创新中心,北京100094 [3]中国空间技术研究院,北京100094 [4]中国空间技术研究院空间政策与法律研究中心,北京100094

出　　处：《中国空间科学技术（中英文）》2024年第3期80-88,共9页Chinese Space Science and Technology

基　　金：航天五院科技委发展研究课题。

摘　　要：地月空间频率轨道等战略资源的开发与利用已成为主要航天大国间角力的焦点,但以地球为中心的国际规则体系无法满足日益增长的地月空间频率轨道使用需求。国际政策法规的模糊性加剧了资源的竞争态势,造成航天器之间潜在的频率干扰风险,国际规则制定正处于非常关键的机遇期、窗口期。针对国际政策与地月空间开发需求不匹配的问题,对地月空间频率轨道资源申报与使用的国际规则现状进行了研究,给出国际电联、空间频率协调工作组等政府间或非政府间组织关于地月空间活动频率使用的现行规定。以美国阿尔忒弥斯探月计划为例,分析了典型探月系统实践过程中对国际频轨政策法规的合规情况。此外,详细分析了全球探月系统频率轨道资源的申报与使用特点及未来发展态势。最后,结合国际月球科研站与载人登月的建设目标,提出了现行规则下合规申报与高价值资源论证储备策略,以及与工程建设相匹配的资源国际合作建议。Cislunar resources,such as radio spectrum,have attracted close attention among global major participants in space.However,the international rules in force centered on the earth cannot meet the upcoming practical requirements of cislunar resource utilization.The ambiguity of international rules intensifies resources competition and increases the risk of frequency interference between different spacecraft.Amending the international rules on space resources is in an important period of strategic opportunities.Aiming at the gap between international policies and exploration requirements of cislunar space,the existing international rules for frequency and orbit resources were comprehensively investigated.Regulations and mechanisms of international organizations such as the International Telecommunication Union(ITU)and Space Frequency Coordination Group(SFCG),both inter-governmental and non-governmental,were sorted out.Taking Artemis as an example,a typical lunar exploration program was studied.In addition,the global status and trend of cislunar resources acquisition and utilization were analyzed in detail.Finally,considering the implementation objectives of international lunar research stations and manned lunar landing programs,suggestions for compliant submission following the rules in force were carried out.And proposals for international cooperation on resource utilization,matching the construction procedure,were put forward.

关 键 词：地月空间 国际电联 空间频率协调 阿尔忒弥斯计划 频率轨道 

分 类 号：TN927[电子电信—通信与信息系统]