契约治理下流域横向生态保护补偿的困境及制度完善  

On Dilemmas and Institutional Improvement of Horizontal Ecological Protection Compensation in Watersheds under Contract Governance

作　　者：彭峰[1] 梁婧 PENG Feng;LIANG Jing

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院法学研究所,上海200001

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期54-67,113,114,共16页Journal of Nanjing Tech University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“长江保护立法研究”(19AFX023)。

摘　　要：在推动我国区域协调发展的宏观背景下,契约治理可以有效促进多个主体之间平等协商、协同治理,进而成为流域横向生态保护补偿的常见实践样态。近十年来,我国流域横向生态保护补偿协议签订数量迅速增长,与流域横向生态保护补偿契约治理的实践需求相比,其制度设计尚显匮乏,突出的问题如流域横向生态保护补偿协议效力不明,协议透明度不足、缺乏公众参与,协议对上下游之间权利义务配置失衡等,影响其效果的发挥。在确定流域横向生态保护补偿协议性质的基础上,对其法律效力应当予以阐明,区分协议的对内效力与对外效力以及协议与缔约主体辖区内规范的效力;将协议纳入政府信息主动公开范围,完善公众参与的程序性规范;完善协议的效益评估制度以平衡上下游之间的权利义务。Against the macro background of promoting regional coordinated development in China,contract governance can effectively promote equal consultation and collaborative governance among multiple subjects,and thus become a common practice in horizontal compensation in watersheds.In the past decade,the number of horizontal compensation agreements signed in China′s watersheds has rapidly increased.Compared with the practical needs of contract governance of horizontal compensation in watersheds,its institutional design is still lacking.Prominent issues such as unclear effectiveness of horizontal compensation agreements in watersheds,insufficient transparency of agreements,lack of public participation,and imbalance in the allocation of rights and obligations between upstream and downstream regions,all affect the effectiveness of the agreements.Based on the determination of the nature of horizontal compensation agreements,their legal effects should be clarified,internal and external effects of the agreements,as well as the effects of the agreements and the norms within the jurisdiction of the contracting parties should be distinguished.The agreements should also be incorporated into the scope of proactive disclosure of governmental information;the procedural norms of public participation should be stipulated;and benefit evaluation system of the agreements should be established in order to balance the rights and obligations between upstream and downstream regions.

关 键 词：契约治理 流域横向生态保护补偿 公共利益 公众参与 效益评估 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]