生态环境修复责任性质界定及实现机制  

On Legal Responsibility Nature and Implementation Mechanism for Ecological Environment Restoration

作　　者：王晶 向俊宇 WANG Jing;XIANG Junyu

机构地区：[1]甘肃政法大学环境法学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期82-97,114,共17页Journal of Nanjing Tech University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：司法部法治建设与法学理论研究项目“黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的法治保障研究”(20SFB2032);甘肃政法大学校级重点项目“西北地区生态环境监管权的运行逻辑与优化路径研究”(GZF2019XZDLW12)。

摘　　要：《民法典》规定的生态环境修复责任作为解决环境纠纷和救济环境公益的新型责任,存在法律属性争议不休、实现机制选择不妥的问题。生态环境修复责任旨在修复生态损害、保护环境公益,而民法的价值理念、权利思维并不能承接生态环境修复责任的私法定性。从私法和公法的适用理念、行政权和司法权的关系以及不同追责机制下生态环境修复的实现效果出发,可以明确生态环境修复责任应定位为公法责任,且公法责任定性下的生态环境修复责任是行政相对人修复义务和行政机关行政职责的结合。生态环境修复责任的实现应是构建以生态环境修复行政命令为主导的行政机制,即行政机关与行政相对人先行磋商,磋商未果则责令行政相对人修复生态环境,并可选择行政代履行、行政处罚以保障生态环境修复行政命令的实施。The legal responsibility of ecological environment restoration stipulated in the Civil Code faces disputes regarding its legal attributes and selection of implementation mechanisms.The ecological environment restoration responsibility aims to restore ecological damages and protect environmental public interests,yet the values and rights-based thinking in civil law cannot fully accommodate its nature.Judging from perspectives of the application principles of private law and public law,the relationship between administrative power and judicial power,and the effectiveness of ecological environment restoration under different accountability mechanisms,ecological environment restoration responsibility should be positioned as a public law responsibility and a combination of administrative counterpart′s obligation and administrative authority′s duties.Its realization should be based on an administrative mechanism oriented by administrative orders,which means administrative authority and administrative counterpart engage in negotiations first and if no agreement is reached,the administrative counterparts will be ordered to restore the ecological environment.Subsequently,administrative measures or penalties may be employed to ensure the implementation of the administrative orders.

关 键 词：生态环境修复责任 环境纠纷 环境公益 公法责任 行政救济 行政命令 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]