觉华岛近海水域人工鱼礁建设对日本蟳生物连通的潜在影响  

Effect of artificial reefs construction on biological connectivity of Charybdis japonica in Juehua Island,Bohai Sea

作　　者：张兆衡 武媛 孙涛[1] 杨薇[1] 张子玥 ZHANG Zhaoheng;WU Yuan;SUN Tao;YANG Wei;ZHANG Ziyue(State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation,School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期358-366,共9页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项资助项目(2018YFC1406404);山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)资助项目(2021CXGC011201);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52079006)。

摘　　要：人工鱼礁在改善局部海底流场、提升庇护场所、聚鱼增产、增加生物栖息地等方面发挥着重要作用,为评估觉华岛海域人工鱼礁的生态修复效果,筛选出10对微卫星引物对觉华岛海域自然岩礁1、自然岩礁2、人工鱼礁、海草床、泥沙底质5个典型生态系统的日本蟳进行遗传多样性与生物连通性评估.结果表明:10个位点在5个群体中有效等位基因数N_(e)为2.94~17.72个,观测杂合度Ho和期望杂合度H_(e)分别为0.30~0.82和0.67~0.95;不同生态系统日本蟳遗传多样性均处于较高水平,有效等位基因数N_(e)为6.06~7.45,观测杂合度H_(o)为0.64~0.74,期望杂合度H_(e)为0.85~0.88,Shannon信息指数I平均值为1.95±0.07,多态信息含量PIC均较高,平均值为(80.03±1.31)%;10个日本蟳微卫星位点的F-统计量(F_(IS)、F_(IT)、F_(ST))平均值分别为0.207±0.156、0.240±0.152、0.050±0.013,遗传分化的近交程度不同;不同生态系统间日本蟳遗传分化系数F_(ST)为0.001~0.026,所有成对生态系统日本蟳的遗传分化均较小(F_(ST)<0.05);两两生态系统日本蟳的基因流为9.410~567.932,均>1,不同生态系统间日本蟳基因交流水平高,存在极强的生物连通,其中海草床、自然岩礁和人工鱼礁等生态系统间生物连通性极高,泥沙底质与其他生态系统日本蟳的连通程度相对较低.印证了人工鱼礁具有良好的生境修复和资源养护效果.Artificial reefs improve the hydrodynamics at sea bottom,providing shelter and stepping stones for marine species,and facilitate fish attraction/production.In this work,10 pairs of microsatellite primers were selected to evaluate the effect of artificial reefs on genetic diversity and biological connectivity of Charybdis japonica in Juehua Island,Bohai Sea.Charybdis japonica samples were taken from five communities of seagrass-beds,two natural reefs,sand sediments,and artificial reefs ecosystem.The effective alleles N_(e) of the 10 loci was 2.94-17.72,the observed heterozygosity H_(o) and expected heterozygosity H_(e) were 0.30-0.82 and 0.67-0.95,respectively.Genetic diversity of Charybdis japonica from various ecosystems was high,the effective allele number N_(e) was 6.06-7.45,observed heterozygosity H_(o) ranged from 0.64 to 0.74,expected heterozygosity H_(e) was from 0.85 to 0.88.The mean Shannon information index was 1.95±0.07,and polymorphism information content PIC from all ecosystems was(80.03±1.31)%.Average F-statistics(F_(IS),F_(IT),F_(ST))of the 10 microsatellite loci of Charybdis japonica were 0.207±0.156,0.240±0.152,and 0.050±0.013,respectively,indicating different inbreeding degree of genetic differentiation.F_(ST) values of Charybdis japonica among various ecosystems ranged from 0.001 to 0.026,the genetic differentiation in Charybdis japonica of all the paired ecosystems was small(F_(ST)<0.05).The gene flow of Charybdis japonica was from 9.410 to 567.932,much greater than 1.The level of gene exchange in Charybdis japonica among different ecosystems was high,showing strong biological connectivity.The biological connectivity among seagrass-beds,natural reefs and artificial reefs was very high,but that of the sand sediment with other ecosystems was low.This verified that artificial reefs have beneficial effects for habitat restoration and resource conservation.

关 键 词：微卫星DNA 日本蟳 遗传多样性 人工鱼礁 生物连通 觉华岛 

分 类 号：X835[环境科学与工程—环境工程]