磁力轴承——过去、现在和未来  

Magnetic Bearings―Past,Present and Future

作　　者：吴华春[1] 龙志强[2] 周瑾[3] 孙凤[4] WU Huachun;LONG Zhiqiang;ZHOU Jin;SUN Feng(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Intelligence Science,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学机电工程学院,武汉430070 [2]国防科技大学智能科学学院,长沙410073 [3]南京航空航天大学机电学院,南京210016 [4]沈阳工业大学机械工程学院,沈阳110870

出　　处：《轴承》2024年第7期1-13,共13页Bearing

摘　　要：磁力轴承是集电磁学、转子动力学、传感技术、控制工程等学科知识为一体的典型机电一体化产品,在高速、洁净、低功耗、低振动等应用场景具有机械轴承无法比拟的优势,但同样存在诸多技术难点。基于磁力轴承的发展历程,重点对磁力轴承的类型、工作原理、控制算法、控制硬件进行了综述和分析;介绍了磁力轴承功率放大器技术、控制技术、监测技术,以及设计、制造、系统集成等方面的关键技术;对磁力轴承目前在高速电动机、透平机械、人工心脏、储能飞轮、磁悬浮推进器、磁悬浮高速电主轴等方面的应用情况进行了梳理;提出了磁力轴承承载力、精度及可靠性、跌落保护、环境适应性、标准化、成本等面临的问题,并预测了磁力轴承的未来发展趋势。Magnetic bearings are typical mechatronics products integrating electromagnetism,rotor dynamics,sensing technology,control engineering and other disciplinary knowledge.In high-speed,clean,low power consumption and low vibration application scenarios,magnetic bearings have incomparable advantages over mechanical bearings,but there are also many technical difficulties.Based on development history of magnetic bearings,the types,working principles,control algorithms and control hardware of magnetic bearings are reviewed and analyzed.The power amplifier technology,control technology,monitoring technology and key technologies in design,manufacturing,system integration of magnetic bearings are introduced.The current application of magnetic bearings in high-speed motors,turbomachinery,artificial hearts,energy storage flywheels,magnetic levitation thrusters and magnetic levitation high-speed motorized spindles is sorted out.The problems of load capacity,accuracy and reliability,drop protection,environmental adaptability,standardization and cost of magnetic bearings are presented,and the future development trend of magnetic bearings is predicted.

关 键 词：滑动轴承 磁力轴承 控制算法 控制器 承载力 人工心脏 飞轮 

分 类 号：TH133.31[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]