梯度聚合物泡沫材料制备方法研究进展  

Research progress in preparation methods for gradient polymer foams

作　　者：徐文卓 李文晓[1] XU Wenzhuo;LI Wenxiao(School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学航空航天与力学学院,上海200092

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2024年第6期176-181,共6页Engineering Plastics Application

基　　金：上海市空间飞行器机构重点实验室开放课题(YYHT-F805201904009)。

摘　　要：聚合物泡沫的各项性能均随密度改变而呈规律性变化,对泡沫材料的密度进行调控是制备梯度功能泡沫材料的重要手段。由于聚合物基体性质的不同,需要根据基体特性和加工条件对聚合物发泡过程进行调控,控制泡沫形态,从而获得特定结构的梯度化泡沫。首先介绍了在气泡成核阶段,利用诱导成核、外力场预处理和预聚体物理分散等方法制备梯度聚合物泡沫的可能性;然后分类综述了在气泡生长阶段利用温度差、压力差和发泡气体浓度差等方法对聚合物泡沫密度进行梯度调控的研究进展。热塑性泡沫的密度梯度调控手段多针对气泡生长阶段,在成核阶段进行异相诱导成核的效果也很明显;而热固性泡沫的密度梯度调控手段在气泡成核阶段更有效。最后对上述方法的使用条件和效果等特点进行了归纳总结。The properties of polymer foams vary regularly with density change,and density control of the foams is an essential tool for the preparation of gradient functional foams.Due to the different properties of the polymer matrix,the polymer foaming process needs to be regulated according to the matrix properties and processing conditions to control the foam morphology so as to obtain gradient foams with specific structures.The possibility of preparing gradient polymer foams by using the methods of induced nucleation,external force field pretreatment and physical dispersion of prepolymers in the stage of bubble nucleation was firstly introduced.Then the research progress of gradient regulation of polymer foam density by using the methods of temperature difference,pressure difference and concentration difference of the foaming gas in the stage of bubble growth was categorically reviewed.The density gradient regulation means for thermoplastic foams were mostly targeted at the bubble growth stage,and the effect of heterogeneous induced nucleation at the nucleation stage was also obvious,while the density gradient regulation means for thermosetting foams were more effective at the bubble nucleation stage.Finally,the conditions of use and effectiveness of the above methods were summarized.

关 键 词：聚合物泡沫 梯度结构 泡沫制备方法 密度调控 泡沫成型 

分 类 号：TQ328[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]