空调新风系统需求响应潜力评估及影响因素研究  

Potential Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Fresh Air System Demand Response

作　　者：罗紫怡 张吉 张涛[1] 刘晓华[1] LUO Ziyi;ZHANG Ji;ZHANG Tao;LIU Xiaohua(School of Architecture,Tsinghua University,Haidian District,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院,北京市海淀区100084

出　　处：《电网技术》2024年第7期2775-2783,共9页Power System Technology

基　　金：国家自然基金面上项目(52278114);北京市科学技术委员会、中关村科技园区管理委员会项目(Z231100006123004)。

摘　　要：需求响应是保障电力供需平衡的重要措施,空调是重要的需求响应资源。空调新风负荷能耗占比高,但是基于室内二氧化碳浓度的新风负荷参与电力系统需求响应的潜力尚不清晰。该文以办公建筑新风系统为例,分别以单位小时能耗最低和全天电费最低为目标,提出了新风系统短期响应和全天响应策略,并建立了相应的响应潜力评估方法。研究结果表明:室内二氧化碳浓度惯性小,新风系统调节速度快,是优良的短期响应资源,单位小时能耗可削减20%~100%,人员密度越低,响应潜力越大,夏季尖峰电价时段平均可削减34%的新风负荷。以峰谷分时电价为响应信号,全天总运行费用可节省14%。在此基础上,进一步探究了室内二氧化碳浓度上限、人员密度、换气次数和气候区对新风负荷响应潜力的影响规律。新风柔性为建筑参与电网响应提出了新的解决方案,对于改善电力供需矛盾有较高的应用价值。Demand response is an important measure to ensure the balance of power supply and demand,and the air conditioning system is an important resource.The energy consumption of fresh air load accounts for a high proportion of air conditioning systems,but the potential of fresh air load based on indoor carbon dioxide concentration to participate in demand response must be clarified.In this paper,taking the fresh air system of office buildings as an example,proposes short-term response and all-day response strategies aiming at the lowest hourly energy consumption and the lowest all-day electricity cost,and the corresponding response potential evaluation methods are established.The results show that indoor carbon dioxide concentration inertia is small,and the fresh air system has a fast adjustment speed which is an excellent short-term response resource.The energy consumption per hour can be reduced by 20%~100%,the lower the personnel density is,the greater the response potential is,and the average fresh air load can be reduced by 34%during the peak electricity price period in summer,taking the peak and valley electricity price as the response signal,the all-day operating cost can be reduced by 14%.On this basis,the influence of the upper limit of carbon dioxide concentration,personnel density,air change rate,and climate on the response potential are explored.Fresh air flexibility provides a new solution for buildings to participate in demand response,which has high application value for improving the contradiction between power supply and demand.

关 键 词：电力需求响应 柔性用能 新风负荷 二氧化碳 空调系统 

分 类 号：TM721[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]