7种黄檀属藤本或攀援植物的木材解剖学研究  

Wood Anatomy of Seven Species of Vine or Climbing Plant of Dalbergia L.f.

作　　者：王露露 刘欣怡 王辉[1,2] 王军 WANG Lulu;LIU Xinyi;WANG Hui;WANG Jun(Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agricultural&Rural Affairs/Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省黎药资源天然产物研究与利用重点实验室/农业农村部热带作物生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所,海南海口571101 [2]海南热带农业资源研究院,海南海口571101

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第6期1205-1218,共14页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.322RC768)。

摘　　要：黄檀属(Dalbergia L.f.)大部分树种的木材都具有世界高知名度,有关木材解剖学的研究主要为针对乔木树种,而对藤本或攀援植物树种研究甚少。本研究旨在探讨7种黄檀属藤本或攀援植物的木材宏观、微观构造,系统地归纳总结,并与乔木树种降香黄檀进行比较分析,为黄檀属植物的木材识别、物种鉴定及其保护、繁育、开发和利用等方面提供科学依据。结果表明:宏观构造均表现为心边材区别不明显,几无光泽;富含树胶时气芳香,显油性。生长轮不明显;管孔明显,常含丰富的树胶,初生木质部的管孔较小且分布稀疏,次生木质部的管孔较大且分布密集;内含韧皮部呈圆形。微观构造显示均为散孔材,单管孔、径列复管孔,管孔排列分散,单穿孔,管间纹孔互列,系附物纹孔,椭圆形至近圆形,弦切面上明显;轴向薄壁组织量较多,叠生,主为傍管带状、环管状;木射线非叠生、较细密。与乔木树种降香黄檀的比较发现,降香黄檀为散孔材至似半环孔材;内含韧皮部无;髓心较小;轴向薄壁组织主要为傍管型以翼状、聚翼状,离管型为极小的带状;管孔密度较小。综上所述,7种黄檀属藤本或攀援植物的木材解剖构造上有很多相似之处,但也存在较大差异,主要在于:(1)木射线。红果黄檀和滇黔黄檀相同,以同形多列为主,偶见同形单列;斜叶黄檀和两粤黄檀相似,同形单列或多列,而前者为稀异形Ⅲ型;藤黄檀和白沙黄檀相似,以异形单列为主,偶见异形Ⅰ型,而前者极少异形Ⅲ型;弯枝黄檀以异形Ⅱ型为主,其次异形Ⅰ型、异形单列。(2)木射线宽度。藤黄檀和白沙黄檀1~2个细胞;斜叶黄檀、两粤黄檀和弯枝黄檀1~3个细胞;滇黔黄檀1~4个细胞、多数2~3个;红果黄檀1~5个细胞、多数3~4个。(3)髓心内含物。以金黄色为主,但红果黄檀为银白色,斜叶黄檀无或不明显。The wood of most tree species of Dalbergia L.f.is well-known in the world.The research on wood anatomy mainly focus on tree species,while the research on vine or climbing plant species is rare.This paper discussed the macroscopic and microscopic wood structures of seven species of vines or climbing plants of Dalbergia L.f.,and summarized systematically,and compared with the tree species of D.odorifera,so as to provide a scientific basis for wood identification,species identification,protection,breeding,development and utilization of this genus.The macrostructure showed that the difference between heartwood and sapwood was not obvious,and had little glossy,aromatic and oily when rich in gum.The growth ring was not obvious.The pores were obvious and common rich in gum,which were smaller and sparsely distributed in primary xylem,larger and densely distributed in secondary xylem.Included phloem was round.The microstructures indicated that they were all diffuse-porous wood,single pores,radial multiple pores,pores arrangement dispersed,single perforation,inter-vessel pitting alternate,vestured pitting,elliptical to nearly round,and obvious on the tangential section.Axial parenchyma was abundant and overlapped,paratubular banded,annular tubular.The wood rays were non overlapping,more fine and dense.D.odorifera was diffuse-porous wood to near semi-ring-porous wood,included phloem was absent,pith was smaller,axial parenchyma was mainly winged and polymerized-winged(paratubular banded type)or minimal banding(off tube type),low pores density.To sum up,there are many similarities in the wood anatomical structures of the seven vines or climbing plants of Dalbergia L.f.,but there are also significant differences mainly in wood rays,wood rays width and pith core inclusions.Wood rays were mainly homotypic multiple columns,occasionally homotypic uniseriate of D.tsoi and D.yunnanensis.D.pinnata and D.benthamii were similar with homotypic single or multiple columns,while the former also had heterogeneous Ⅲ type rarely.D.hancei an

关 键 词：黄檀属 藤本植物 攀援植物 木材 解剖学特征 

分 类 号：S781.1[农业科学—木材科学与技术]