橡胶树体胚苗质量调查与分析  

Quality Investigation and Analysis of Rubber Tree(Hevea brasiliensis Müll.Arg.)Somatic Embryo Plantlet

作　　者：彭素娜[1] 徐正伟[1] 华玉伟[1] 顾晓川[1] 成镜[1] 黄华孙[1] 黄天带[1] PENG Suna;XU Zhengwei;HUA Yuwei;GU Xiaochuan;CHENG Jing;HUANG Huasun;HUANG Tiandai(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Haikou Key Laboratory of Innovation of Seedlings of Tropical Plants,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/海口市热带植物种苗创新重点实验室,海南海口571101

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第6期1219-1225,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划项目(No.ZDYF2022XDNY204,No.ZDYF2021XDNY122);国家天然橡胶产业技术体系专项(No.CARS33)。

摘　　要：天然橡胶是我国重要的战略物资和工业原料,主要来源于橡胶树。橡胶树生长周期长,其苗木质量直接影响天然橡胶产业的发展,橡胶树体胚苗在前期研究中表现一致性好,且具有速生、高产的优势。海南省天然橡胶新型种植材料创新基地是当前规模生产的橡胶树体胚苗的基地,现生产品种有热研73397和热研917。本研究分析比较了热研73397体胚试管苗在2018—2020年间的株高、茎粗、叶片数、主根长等指标的差异性,比较了2020年2个品种各指标的差异性,并对不同年份不同品种进行分级比较,以期阐明橡胶树体胚苗规模生产的情况。结果表明:(1)2018—2020年,热研73397的株高、茎粗、叶片数、主根长度在各区间的比例相当;株高、叶片数、主根长度在3 a间的差异不显著;茎粗在2018和2019年之间差异显著,且3 a均值均在2.00 mm以上,最大值和最小值的差值仅为0.09 mm。(2)2020年,热研73397和热研917体胚苗的株高一致,均值均为8.0 cm,且大部分集中在5.0~10.0 cm,分别占66.13%、66.91%;热研73397和热研917的茎粗范围分别为0.80~4.23 mm、1.13~3.73 mm,均值分别为2.11 mm和2.18 mm,2个品种的茎粗在1.50~3.00 mm之间高度集中,分别占85.94%、83.82%;热研73397和热研917叶片数范围分别为0~6片和1~4片,2个品种叶片数绝大多数为1~3片,分别占88.82%、96.32%,其中热研917叶片数为2片的占比高达52.94%;热研73397的主根长度均值为9.5 cm,而热研917的为9.1 cm,2个品种的主根长度多数集中在8.0~12.0 cm之间,分别占74.12%、79.41%;方差分析结果表明,2020年2个品种的株高、茎粗、叶片数差异不显著,主根长度差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)2018—2020年调查的橡胶树体胚苗中,不同年份不同品种的橡胶树体胚苗,一级苗比例为19%~22%,二级苗比例为56%~62%。据此,规模化生产橡胶树体胚试管苗质量稳定,为橡胶树体胚苗生产工艺的推广应用提供参考。Natural rubber is an important strategic material and industrial raw material in China,which mainly originates from rubber tree.The growth cycle of rubber tree is long,and the quality of rubber seedling directly affects the development of rubber industry.The somatic embryo plantlet of rubber tree shows good consistency in the previous studies,and has the advantages of rapid growth and high yield.Hainan Innovation Base for production of Natural Rubber New Planting Material is the base of the current large-scale production of rubber tree somatic embryo plantlets of Reyan 73397 and Reyan 917.In this paper,in order to clarify the large-scale production of the somatic embryo plantlets of rubber tree,the plant height,stem diameter,leaves number and taproot length of Reyan 73397 somatic embryo plantlets from 2018 to 2020 were studied,the differences in each index of the two varieties in 2020 were,compared,and the classification of different varieties in different years were done.The proportions of plant height,stem diameter,leaf number and taproot length of Reyan 73397 were similar in each region from 2018 to 2020.There were no significant differences in plant height,leaf number and taproot length in three years.There were significant differences in stem diameter between 2018 and 2019,and the mean value of the three years was above 2.00 mm,and the difference between the maximum and minimum value was only 0.09 mm.The plant height of Reyan 73397 and Reyan 917 was the same,and the mean value of plant height of both varieties was 8.0 cm.The plant height of the two varieties was mainly 5.0‒10.0 cm,accounting for 66.13% and 66.91%,respectively.The stem diameter range of Reyan 73397 and Reyan 917 was 0.80‒4.23 mm and 1.13‒3.73 mm,respectively.The mean value of the two varieties was 2.11 mm and 2.18 mm,respectively.The stem diameter of the two varieties was highly concentrated between 1.50‒3.00 mm,85.94% and 83.82%,respectively.The leaf number of Reyan 73397 and Reyan 917 was ranged from 0 to 6 and 1 to 4,respectively.T

关 键 词：橡胶树 体胚苗 质量指标 种苗质量 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]