海南热研73397等5个橡胶树品种全年割胶周期生胶质量变化  

Annual Variations of the Rubber Qualities of Five Rubber Tree Clones Including Reyan 73397 Planted in Hainan,China

作　　者：覃怀德[1,2] 张安洋 聂智毅 康桂娟[1,2] 位明明 曾日中[1,2] 罗微 湛瑞芳[4] QIN Huaide;ZHANG Anyang;NIE Zhiyi;KANG Guijuan;WEI Mingming;ZENG Rizhong;LUO Wei;ZHAN Ruifang(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Rubber Tree Biology and Genetic resources,Ministry Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Hanan Institute for Natural Rubber and Tropical Forests/Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Natural Rubber Engineering,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;College of Life Science,Shenyang Normal University,Shengyang,Liaoning,110034,China;The Fourth Military Representative Office Stationed in Shenyang,Shengyang,Liaoning,110022,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/农业农村部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南海口571101 [2]海南天然橡胶与热带林木研究院/海南省高性能天然橡胶材料工程重点实验室,海南海口571101 [3]沈阳师范大学生命科学学院,辽宁沈阳110034 [4]空装驻沈阳地区第四军事代表室,辽宁沈阳110022

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第6期1226-1234,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2022YFD2301201);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.1630022016001);农业农村部农业技术试验示范与服务支持项目(No.XJSHT)。

摘　　要：天然橡胶的质量和性能与橡胶树品种、割胶生产、气象、物候等遗传和环境因素密切相关。为了探明橡胶树不同品种之间及4—12月全年割胶周期内生胶质量的差异与变化规律,本研究分析比较了PR107、RRIM600、热研917、热研73397和热研879等5个橡胶树品种胶乳所制备生胶的质量,并分析了各品种5月份胶乳所制备生胶的硫化特性和硫化胶的力学性能。结果表明:5个橡胶树品种生胶的门尼黏度值、氮(蛋白质)含量、挥发物含量、P0和PRI值等在4—12月全年割胶周期内表现出增加或下降的趋势,这些质量指标既反映出橡胶树品种间的基因型差异,又表现出受气象等环境因素变化的影响。其中,4个品种12月生胶的蛋白质含量均超过3.0%;热研917混炼胶的硫化特性与其他4个品种有明显差异;在S/2 d/3割制下,热研879硫化胶的拉断伸长率和拉伸强度最小。本研究结果一方面有助于指导橡胶树品种选育和割胶生产,另一方面也可以为高性能天然橡胶生产加工提供科技支撑。The quality and performance of natural rubber(NR)are closely related to Hevea brasiliensis(rubber tree)varieties,tapping systems,seasonal variation and phenology etc.In order to uncover the annual change rules from April to December of NR qualities among different rubber tree varieties,we investigated the NR qualities from five clones including PR 107,RRIM 600,Reyan 917,Reyan 73397 and Reyan 879 cultivated in Danzhon of Hainan,China,and analysed the vulcanization characteristics and the mechanical properties of the vulcanized NR prepared from the latex harvested in May.The results showed that the mooney viscosity,protein percentage,volatile percentage,Wallace plasticity(P0)and plasticity retention index(PRI)presented a downward or upward trend in an annual tapping cycle from April to December,which indicates that the NR quality parameters are affected by both genotypes and environmental factors such as weather and sunshine etc.The protein percentage in NR from the latex of the four rubber tree clones was more than 3.0% in December.The cure characteristics of NR from Reyan 917 were totally different from those of the other four rubber trees.Under the same tapping system of S/2 d/3,the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the vulcanized rubber from Reyan 879 was the smallest compared with the other four clones.The results would contribute to instructing the new variety breeding and rubber production on the one hand,and to providing scientific supports for high-performance NR manufacturing on the other hand.

关 键 词：橡胶树 橡胶质量与性能 全年割胶周期 海南岛 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]