基于超声改性橡胶籽壳活性炭的制备方法研究  

Preparation of Activated Carbon Based on Ultrasonically Modified Rubber Seed Shells

作　　者：潘晓威[1] 赵祉芳 占国艳 梁耀辉 潘政 陈淑贤 叶剑芝[1] PAN Xiaowei;ZHAO Zhifang;ZHAN Guoyan;LIANG Yaohui;PAN Zheng;CHEN Shuxian;YE Jianzhi(Agricultural Product Processing Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524001,China;College of Tropical Crop,Yunnan Agricultural University,Pu’er,Yunnan,665000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所,广东湛江524001 [2]云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱665000

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第6期1235-1243,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.321QN0927,No.323QN289);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.1630122024005)。

摘　　要：以农业废弃物橡胶籽壳为原料,以KOH为活化剂,与超声处理相结合制备活性炭,通过调整制备处理条件对活性炭的表面结构进行调控,以获得最佳制备条件。采用傅里叶显微红外、扫描电镜、元素分析、热重分析等手段,研究活性炭的物理化学特性,考察其吸附能力,并比较超声预处理与未超声预处理的活性炭的特性。研究得出最优制备条件为:剂料比为1∶1,超声作用时间为60 min,活化时间为60 min,活化温度为700℃。超声预处理后的活性炭(UAC)的亚甲基蓝吸附值为400 mg/g、碘吸附值为1340.2 mg/g、得率达25.9%,总孔容为0.9511 cm^(3)/g,比表面积为1034.5009 m^(2)/g;未经超声预处理的活性炭(NAC)的亚甲基蓝吸附值为300 mg/g,碘吸附值为894.0 mg/g,得率为20.8%,比表面积为690.2461 m^(2)/g,总孔容为0.6830 cm^(3)/g。二者均含羟基、醇羟基、羰基官能团,橡胶籽壳活性炭的氮气吸附等温线为Ⅰ型。KOH活化后的活性炭表面存有大量孔结构,UAC活性炭表面光滑平整,有许多丰富规则的孔结构,优于NAC活性炭。橡胶籽壳的碳(C)含量丰富,经过KOH活化后,UAC和NAC的C含量由原来的56.81%,分别提高到75.97%、64.89%。KOH活化后的样品比橡胶籽壳更加稳定,UAC和NAC样品的总重量分别损失62%和68%之后趋于稳定。综上所述,超声处理制备的活性炭性能更佳,说明超声波的空化效应作用在活性炭结构表面,使其结构发生变化,进而提高其吸附性能、比表面积等。KOH was used as the activator combined with ultrasonic treatment to treat rubber seed shell to prepare activated carbon,and the best preparation conditions were optimized.The surface structure of the chemical carbon was regulated by controlling the preparation and processing conditions.The physical and chemical properties of the active carbon were characterized by specific surface area voidness analyzer,FT-IR,SEM,element analyzer,and TGA.The adsorption capacity of methylene blue and iodine was investigated.The optimal preparation conditions were reagent∶material ratio 1∶1,ultrasonic action for 60 minutes,activation time for 60 minutes,and activation temperature of 700℃.Activation temperature had the greatest impact on the adsorption capacity of activated carbon,followed by the reagent to material ratio and ultrasonic time,with the activation time having the smallest impact.The absorption of methylene blue was 400 mg/g,and iodine was 1340.2 mg/g,respectively.The yield was 25.9%,the specific surface area was 1034.5009 m^(2)/g,and the total pore volume was 0.9511 cm^(3)/g with ultrasonic pretreatment(UAC).The adsorption value of methylene blue was 300 mg/g,iodine adsorption value was 894.0 mg/g,yield was 20.8%,specific surface area was 690.2461 m^(2)/g,total pore volume was 0.6830 cm^(3)/g without ultrasoni pretreatment(NAC).Both contained hydroxyl,alcohol hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups.This is conducive to the enhancement of adsorption performance,and the characteristics of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin were obvious.The nitrogen adsorption isotherm of the rubber seed shell activated carbon was typeⅠ.Activated carbon contained a large number of microporous structures with uniform distribution.There was no pore structure on the surface of the rubber seed shell,and there were a large number of pore structures on the activated carbon surface after KOH activation.The surface of UAC activated carbon was smooth and flat,with many rich and regular pore structures.In contrast,the pore surface of NAC ha

关 键 词：橡胶籽壳 活性炭 碘吸附值 亚甲基蓝吸附值 

分 类 号：TQ424.1[化学工程]